Abstract
Trauma has become too commonplace in America. Violent street crime permeates large cities. Intergang warfare and wanton shootings invade many ghettos. Robberies, assaults, and rapes (Roth & Lebowitz, 1988) occur frequently, hanging like a gray cloud hovering over the vulnerable who venture alone into side streets, parking lots, and parks (USA Today, 1989). The rising rate of alcohol and drug addiction breeds destruction and self-destruction. And now there is a frightening increase in the use and abuse of cocaine and associated crime, gang warfare, and hired assassinations.
Destroy, O Lord and divide their tongues, for I have seen violence and strife in the city. Day and night they go around it on its walls; Iniquity and trouble are also in the midst of it. Destruction is in its midst; Oppression and deceit do not depart from its streets. (Psalm 55:9)
Reprinted from J. T. Reese, J. M. Horn, & C. Dunning (Eds.), Ciritical Incidents in Policing—Revised (pp. 39– 54). Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office.
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Brende, J.O. (1995). Twelve Themes and Spiritual Steps. In: Everly, G.S., Lating, J.M. (eds) Psychotraumatology. The Springer Series on Stress and Coping. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1034-9_13
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