Abstract
The goal of the panel is to discuss if ambiguity can be a means for performing cognitive tasks. This position contrasts with the traditional view which considers ambiguous situations as pathological ones to be avoided or recovered as soon as they arise. Evidence exists that the human visual system attempts to process its inputs according to two different representations, the distal and the proximal one. N. Bruno as a cognitive scientist introduces the argument and speculates on the cognitive function served by the proximal interpretation. On the other side, P. Mussio explores - from the point of view of an image interpreter - some situations in which scientists and technicians exploit ambiguous image interpretations to better understand the situation under study. Programs - developed to help them in these interpretation activities-explicitly create and exploit ambiguous descriptions of a same image. However, in many cases ambiguity is still a problem. F. Esposito as an AI scientist explores how to face the intrinsic ambiguity in learning models of visual objects.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J.J. Gibson, The perception of the visual world, Hughton Mifflin, Boston, MA (1950).
I. Rock, In defense of unconscious inference, in Stability and constancy in visual perception, W. Epstein ed., Wiley (1977).
I. Rock, The logic of perception, Ma: MIT press, Boston, MA (1983).
T. Natsoulas, Reflective seeing: an exploration in the company of Edmund Husserl and James J. Gibson, Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, Vol.21, pp. 1–31 (1990).
T. Natsoulas, The tunnel effect, Gibson’s perception theory, and reflective seeing, Psychological Research, Vol.54, pp. 160–174 (1990).
L.E. Arend and R. Goldstein, Simultaneous constancy, lightness, and brightness, Journal of the optical society of America A, Vol.4, pp. 2281–2285 (1987).
J. Schirillo, A. Reeves, and L. Arend, Perceived lightness, but not brightness, of achromatic surfaces depends on perceived depth information, Perception and Psychophysics, Vol.48, pp. 82–90 (1990).
W. Epstein, Attitudes of judgment and the size-distance invariance hypothesis, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol.66, pp. 78–83 (1963).
A.S. Gilinsky, The effect of attitude upon the perception of size, American Journal of Psychology, Vol.68, pp. 173–192 (1955).
J. Shallo and I. Rock, Size constancy in children: A new interpretation, Perception, Vol.17, pp. 803–814 (1988).
I. Rock and W. McDermott, The perception of visual angle, Acta Psychologica, Vol.22, pp. 119–134 (1964).
N. Bruno and N. Gerbino, L’occlusione dinamica: implicazioni per i modelli di visione artificiale, in I sensi dell’automa, G. Adorni, W. Gerbino, and V. Roberto, Edizioni Lint, Trieste, I (1992).
D. Marr, Vision, Freeman, San Francisco, CA (1982).
S. Grossberg and E. Mingolla, Neural dynamics of perceptual grouping: Textures, boundaries, and emergent segmentations, Perception and Psychophysics, Vol.38, pp. 141–171 (1985).
N. Bruno and N. Gerbino, Amodal completion and illusory figures: An information-processing analysis, in The perception of illusory contours, S. Petry and G. Meyer, Springer, New York, NY (1987).
W. Gerbino and D. Salmaso, Un’analisi processuale del completamento amodale, Giornale Italiano di Psicologia, Vol.12, pp. 97–121 (1985).
A.B. Sekuler and S.E. Palmer, Perception of partly occluded objects: a microgenetic analysis, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol.121, pp. 95–111 (1992).
J.J. Gibson, The ecological approach to visual perception, Hughton Mifflin, Boston, MA (1979).
A.P. Witkin and J.M. Tenenbaum, On perceptual organisation, in From pixels to predicates, Pentland ed., Ablex Publishing, pp. 149-169 (1986).
P. Mussio and M. Protti, Attributed parallel rewriting in vision, in Active Perception and Robot Vision, NATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, D (1993).
M.A. Arbib and A.R. Hanson, Vision in perspective, in Vision, Brain and Cooperative Computation, Arbib and Hanson eds., MIT Press, pp. 1-83 (1987).
P. Mussio, M. Pietrogrande, P. Bottom, M. Dell’Oca, E. Arosio, E. Sartirana, M.R. Finanzon, and N. Dioguardi, Automatic cell count in digital images of liver tissue sections, Proc. 4th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 153-160 (1991).
L. Tondi, Problems of Semantics, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, D (1981).
B.A. Afzelius, Interpretation of Electron Micrographs, Scanning Microsc. 1, pp. 1157–1165 (1987).
N. Bianchi, G. Rubbia, R. Di Lernia, and P. Mussio, Automatic discovery of emergent patterns in citological images, to appear in Journal of Hystochemistry (1993).
B. Katzemberg and P. Piola, Work Language Analysis and the naming problem, Comm. Acm, Vol.36, No. 4, pp. 86–92 (1993).
J.H. Connell and M. Brady, Generating and Generalizing Models of Visual Objects, Artificial Intelligence, No.31, pp. 159–183 (1987).
R.S. Michalski, A theory and methodology of inductive learning, in Machine Learning, an Artificial Intelligence Approach, R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, and T. Mitchell eds., Tioga, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 83–134 (1983).
S.J. Hanson, Conceptual Clustering and categorization, in Machine Learning: an Artificial Intelligence Approach, Y. Kodratoff and R.S. Michalski eds., Vol. III. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, pp. 235–268 (1990).
F. Bergadano, A. Giordana, and L. Saitta, Automated Concept Acquisition in noisy environments, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, pp. 555–578 (1988).
J.R. Quinlan, Induction of Decision Trees, Machine Learning, No. 1, pp. 81–106 (1986).
A. Sanfeliu and K.S. Fu, A distance measure between attributed relational graphs for Pattern Recognition, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol.13, pp. 353–362 (1983).
A.K.C. Wong and M. You, Entropy and Distance of Random Graphs with Application to Structural Pattern Recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine intelligence, Vol.8, pp. 599–609 (1985).
R.S. Michalski, I. Mozetic, J. Hong, and N. Lavrac, The AQ15 inductive Learning system: an overview and experiments, Int. Rep. Dept. of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (1986).
Y. Kodratoff and G. Tecuci, Learning based on conceptual distance, IEEE Transactions on pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 10, pp. 897–909 (1988).
J. Nicolas, J. Lebbe, and R. Vignes, From Knowledge to similarity, in Symbolic-Numeric Data Analysis and Learning, E. Diday and Y. Lechevallier eds., Nova Science Pub., New York, NY, pp. 585–597 (1991).
F. Esposito, D. Malerba, and G. Semeraro, Classification in noisy environments using a Distance Measure between structural symbolic descriptions, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.14, No.3, pp. 390–402 (1992).
F. Esposito, D. Malerba, and G. Semeraro, Flexible Matching for noisy structural descriptions, in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Morgan Kaufmann, Sidney, AU, pp. 658–664 (1991).
G.D. Plotkin, A Note on Inductive Generalization, in Machine Intelligence 5, B. Meltzer and D. Michie eds., Edinburgh University Press, pp. 153-163 (1970).
S.A. Vere, Induction of Concepts in Predicate Calculus, Proc. IJCAI, Tblisi, USSR, pp. 281–287 (1975).
N. Helft, Inductive Generalization: a logical framework, in Progress in Machine Learning, Proc. EWSL 87, Bled, YU (1987).
D. Haussler, Learning Conjunctive Concepts in Structural Domains, Machine Learning, Vol.4, pp. 7–40 (1989).
F. Esposito, D. Malerba, and G. Semeraro, Negation as a Specializing Operator, in Advances in Artificial Intelligence, P. Torasso ed., Lectures Notes in AI, No. 728, Springer-Verlag, pp. 166-177 (1993).
F. Esposito, D. Malerba, and G. Semeraro, Automated Acquisition of Rules for Document Understanding, Proc. of ICDAR93, Tsukuba, J, pp. 650-654 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mussio, P., Bruno, N., Esposito, F. (1994). Panel Summary Image Interpretation and Ambiguities. In: Cantoni, V. (eds) Human and Machine Vision. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1004-2_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1004-2_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1006-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1004-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive