Abstract
Before we can consider the specific physiological and biochemical processes intimately involved in seed development, it is necessary to review briefly the morphological and anatomical aspects of embryo and storage tissue formation. The variations in patterns of development are numerous, so we will present here only a generalized picture of what occurs in a conifer (gymnosperm), a dicot, and a monocot angiosperm.
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Useful Literature References
Section 2.1
Castle, L. A., and Meinke, D. W., 1993, Semin. Dev. Biol. 4:31–39 (embryo-defective mutants, especially in Arabidopsis).
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Maheshwari, P., 1950, An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms, McGraw-Hill, New York (developmental patterns).
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Meinke, D. W., 1991, Plant Cell 3:857–866 (developmental mutants and embryogenesis).
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The Plant Cell, 1993, 5:1139-1488 (special review issue on plant reproduction, including articles on seed development, embryogenesis).
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Section 2.2
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Miller, M. E., and Chourey, P. S., 1992, Plant Cell 4:297–305 (sucrose uptake in maize and invertase mutant).
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Section 2.3. Carbohydrates
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Wang, T. L., and Hedley, C. L., 1991, Seed Sci. Res. 1:3–14 (metabolism and pea seed development).
Section 2.3. Triacylglycerols
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Huang, A. H. C., 1992, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43:177–200 (oil bodies and oleosins).
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Rodriguez-Sotres, R., and Black, M., 1993, Planta 192:9–15 (regulation of triacylglycerol synthesis in embryos—ABA and osmotica).
Simcox, P. D., Reid, E. E., Canvin, D. T., and Dennis, D. T., 1977, Plant Physiol. 59:1128–1132 (proplastids in developing castor bean endosperm).
Slabas, A. R., and Fawcett, T., 1992, Plant Mol. Biol. 19:169–191 (review article on the molecular biology of lipid biosynthesis in plants).
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Stymne, S., and Stobart, A. K., 1987, in: The Biochemistry of Plants, Vol. 9 (P. K. Stumpf, ed.) Academic Press Inc., pp. 175-214 (review article on triacylglycerol biosynthesis).
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Wanner, G., Formanek, H., and Theimer, R. R., 1981, Planta 151:109–123 (oil body formation).
Section 2.3. Proteins
Altschuler, Y., Rosenberg, N., Hard, R., and Galili, G., 1993, Plant Cell 5:443–450 (N-and C-terminal regions of gliadin, and sorting).
Baumlein, H., Boerjan, W., Nagy, I., Panitz, R., Inze, D., and Wobus, U., 1991, Mol. Gen. Genet. 225:121–128 (upstream sequences regulating legumin gene expression in transgenics).
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Bewley, J. D., and Greenwood, J. S., 1990, in: Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (D. T. Dennis and D. H. Turpin, eds.), Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, pp. 456–469 (storage protein synthesis and deposition in seeds).
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Brandt, A., 1976, Cereal Chem. 53:890–901 (protein synthesis in high-lysine barley).
Chrispeels, M. J., 1985, Oxford Surv. Plant Mol. Cell Biol. 2:43–68 (posttranslational modifications to vacuolar storage proteins).
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Chrispeels, M. J., and Raikhel, N. V., 1992, Cell 68:613–616 (amino acid domains for protein sorting and targeting).
Craig, S., Goodchild, D. J., and Hardman, A. R., 1979, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 6:81–98 (vacuole changes and protein deposition in pea).
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Dickinson, C. D., Hussein, E. H. A., and Nielsen, N. C., 1989, Plant Cell 1:459–469 (assembly of glycinin).
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Gatehouse, J. A., and Shirsat, H. A., 1993, in: Control of Plant Gene Expression (D. P. S. Verma, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., pp. 357–375 (seed storage protein gene expression).
Gatehouse, J. A., Evans, I. M., Bown, D., Croy, R. R. D., and Boulter, D., 1982, Biochem. J. 208:119–127 (storage protein synthesis in developing pea seeds).
Gatehouse, J. A., Evans, I. M., Croy, R. R. D., and Boulter, D., 1986, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 314:367–384 (expression of storage protein genes in developing legume seeds).
Gayler, K. R., and Sykes, G. E., 1981, Plant Physiol 67:958–961 (conglycinin synthesis in soybean).
Holwerda, B. C., Padgett, H. S., and Rogers, J. C., 1992, Plant Cell 4:307–318 (targeting of a protein through an N-terminal domain).
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Johnson, K. D., and Chrispeels, M. J., 1987, Plant Physiol. 84:1301–1308 (processing oligosaccharide side chains).
Kawagoe, Y., and Murai, N., 1992, Plant J. 2:927–936 (spatial and temporal specificity of ß-phaseolin gene expression).
Kermode, A. R., 1994, in: Mechanisms of Plant Growth and Improved Productivity (A. S. Basra, ed.), Dekker, New York, in press (regulation of protein synthesis posttranslationally).
Krishnan, H. B., Franceschi, V. R., and Okita, T. W., 1986, Planta 169:471–480 (protein body formation in rice grains is as in legume seeds).
Krochko, J. E., and Bewley, J. D., 1989, Electrophoresis 9:751–763 (storage protein synthesis and analytical methods).
Larkins, B. A., and Hurkman, W. J., 1978, Plant Physiol 62:256–263 (zein deposition in protein bodies).
Larkins, B. A., Pedersen, K. Handa, A. K., Hurkman, W. J., and Smith, L. D., 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:6448–6452 (synthesis of zein in Xenopus oocytes).
Lending, C. R., and Larkins, B. A., 1989, Plant Cell 1:1011–1023 (location of zein classes in maize protein bodies).
Manteuffel, R., Muntz, K., Puchel, M., and Scholtz, G., 1976, Biochem. Physiol Pflanzen 169:595–605 (DNA, RNA, and protein accumulation in Vicia faba).
Millerd, A., and Spencer, D., 1974, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1:331–341 (RNA and nuclei in pea cotyledons).
Nakamura, K., and Matsuoka, K., 1993, Plant Physiol. 101:1–5 (protein targeting to the vacuole, update).
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Rerie, W. G., Whitecross, M., and Higgins, T. J. V., 1991, Mol Gen. Genet. 225:148–157 (developmental and environmental regulation of pea legumin genes).
Rubin, R., Levanony, H., and Galili, G., 1992, Plant Physiol. 99:718–724 (protein body formation in wheat endosperm).
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Shirsat, A. H., 1991, in: Developmental Regulation of Plant Gene Expression (D. Grierson, ed.), Blackie, Glasgow and Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 153–181 (gene expression in developing seeds).
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Weber, E. J., 1980, in: The Resource Potential in Phytochemistry. Recent Advances in Phytochemistiy, Volume 14, Plenum Press, New York., pp. 97–137 (corn mutants).
Zheng, Y., He, M., Hao, S., and Huang, B., 1992, Ann. Bot. 69:377–383 (ER-derived protein bodies in late developing soybean seeds).
Section 2.3. Nutrition, Phytin
Greenwood, J. S., 1989, in: Recent Advances in the Development and Germination of Seeds (R. B. Taylorson, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 109–125 (phytin synthesis and deposition).
Greenwood, J. S., and Bewley, J. D., 1984, Planta 160:113–120 (EM of phytin deposition).
Section 2.4
Black, M., 1991, in: Abscisic Acid Physiology and Biochemistry (W. J. Davies and H. G. Jones, eds.), Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, pp. 99–136 (ABA involvement in seed development and maturation).
Davey, J. E., and Van Staden, J., 1979, Plant Physiol. 63:873–877 (cytokinins in developing lupin seeds).
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King, R. W., 1982, in: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination (A. A. Khan, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 157–181 (abscisic acid in seed development).
Koornneef, M., Hanhart, C. J., Hilhorst, H. W. M., and Karssen, C. M., 1989, Plant Physiol. 90:463–469 (precocious germination, reserve protein accumulation in Arabidopsis mutants).
Oishi, M. Y., and Bewley, J. D., 1990, Plant Physiol. 94:592–598 (fluridone-induced precocious germination in maize).
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Ozga, J. A., Brenner, M. L., and Reinecke, D. M., 1992, Plant Physiol. 100:88–94 (effect of developing pea seeds on pericarp GA).
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Sponsel, V. M., 1982, J. Plant Growth Regul. 1:147–152 (seed and hormonal control of growth in peas).
Swain, S. M., Reid, J. B., and Ross, J. J., 1993, Planta 191:482–488 (seed abortion in a GA mutant of pea).
Takahashi, N., Phinney, B. O., and MacMillan, J. (eds.), 1991, Gibberellins, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (articles on GA in seeds).
Ueda, M., Ehman, A., and Bandurski, R. S., 1970, Plant Physiol. 46:715–718 (bound auxin in maize).
Van Onckelen, H., Caubergs, R., Horemans, S., and DeGreef, J. A., 1980, J. Exp. Bot. 31:913–920 (ABA in developing bean seeds).
Xu, N., Coulter, K. M., and Bewley, J. D., 1990, Planta 182:382–390 (ABA sensitivity and effects on precocious germination).
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Bewley, J.D., Black, M. (1994). Seed Development and Maturation. In: Seeds. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1002-8_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1002-8_2
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