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Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation V pp 73–79Cite as

The Regulation and Function of p21Ras in Signal Transduction by the T Cell Antigen Receptor

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 365))

Abstract

T lymphocyte activation is initiated by triggering of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). The TCR is a multichain complex comprising a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the idiotypic αβ chains noncovalently associated with a signal transduction complex composed of the invariant CD3 γ, δ, ϵ chains and the ζ (16 kDa) and η (22 kDa) subunits.1–3 The cytoplasmic domains of the CD3 and ζ subunits are crucial for TCR coupling to intracellular PTKs which is absolutely required for all subsequent T cell responses.4–8 PTKs are known to couple the TCR to an inositol lipid specific phospholipase C, PLCγ19 thus enabling the TCR to regulate the hydrolysis of membrane phosphoinositides (PtdIns), in particular phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate (PtdIns(4,5P2), liberating inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate(Ins(1,4,5)P3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). Ins(1,4,5)P3 releases Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum which results in an initial rapid rise in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+; DAG is known to activate the serine/threonin kinase, protein kinase C (PKC).10–12

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lymphocyte Activation Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincolns Inn Field, London, WC2A 3PX, UK

    Doreen Cantrell, M. Izquierdo Pastor & M. Woodrow

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  1. Doreen Cantrell
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  2. M. Izquierdo Pastor
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  3. M. Woodrow
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92717-4069, USA

    Sudhir Gupta

  2. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-0001, USA

    William E. Paul

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0552, USA

    Anthony DeFranco

  4. Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98915, USA

    Roger M. Perlmutter

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Cantrell, D., Pastor, M.I., Woodrow, M. (1994). The Regulation and Function of p21Ras in Signal Transduction by the T Cell Antigen Receptor. In: Gupta, S., Paul, W.E., DeFranco, A., Perlmutter, R.M. (eds) Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 365. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0987-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0987-9_8

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