Abstract
Progressive wasting, weakness, anorexia, and anemia are frequent complications of neoplastic disease.1–4 Decreases in adipose mass constitute the major body losses and exceed losses seen in simple starvation. Decreases in protein constituents of the body, however, are also observed.4–5 The mechanisms for depletion of body energy stores are complex and not adequately explained by anorexia, reduced food consumption, or simply by increased energy utilization by tumor tissue.1,2,6
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D.W. Nixon, S.B. Heymsfield, A. Cohen, M. Kutner, J.O. Ansley, D.H. Lawson, D. Rudman, Protein-calorie undernutrition in hospitalized cancer patients, Am J Med 68:683 (1980).
C. Waterhouse, L.D. Fenninger, E.H. Keutmann, Nitrogen exchange and calorie expenditure in patients with malignant neoplasms, Cancer 4:499 (1951).
A. Theologides, Cancer cachexia, Cancer 43:2004 (1979).
I. Warnold, K. Lundholm, T. Schersten, Energy balance and body composition in cancer patients, Cancer 43:2004 (1979).
M. Shike, D. McR. Russel, A.S. Detsky, J.E. Harrison, K.G. McNeill, F.A. Shepherd, R. Feld, W.K. Evans, K.N. Jeejeebhoy, Changes in body composition in patients with smallcell lung cancer. The effect of total parenteral nutrition as an adjunct to chemotherapy, Ann Int Med 101:303 (1984).
R.W. Begg, Tumor-host relations, Adv Cancer Res 5:1 (1958).
L. Axelrod, J.B. Halter, D.S. Cooper, T.T. Aoki, A.M. Roussell, S.L. Bagshaw, Hormone levels and fuel flow in patients with weight loss and lung cancer. Evidence for excessive metabolic expenditure and for an adaptive response mediated by reduced level of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, Metabolism 32:924 (1983).
M.-U. Yang, T.B. Van Itallie, Composition of weight lost during short-term weight reduction. Metabolic responses of obese subjects to starvation and low-calorie ketogenic and nonketogenic diets, J Clin Invest 58:722 (1976).
J.O. Hill, S.K. Fried, M. DiGirolamo, Effects of fasting and restricted refeeding on utilizing of ingested energy in rats, Am J Physiol 247:R318 (1984).
D.W. Nixon, D.H. Lawson, M.H. Kutner, J.O. Ansley, M. Schwartz, S.B. Heymsfield, R. Chawla, T.H. Cartwright, D. Rudman, Hyperalimentation of the cancer patient with protein-calorie undernutrition, Cancer Res 41:2038 (1981).
W.T. Chance, F.M. van Lammeren, M.H. Chen, R.F. Murphy, S.N. Joffe, J.E. Fischer, Alteration in plasma levels of insulin and glucagon associated with cancer anorexia, Surg Forum 34:441 (1983).
G. Costa, Cachexia, the metabolic component of neoplastic diseases, Progr Exp Tumor Res 3:321 (1963).
R.A. Liebelt, A.G. Liebelt, H.M. Johnston, Lipid mobilization and food intake in experimentally obese mice bearing transplanted tumors (35924), Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 138:482 (1971).
H. Masuno, N. Yamasaki, H. Okuda, Purification and characterization of a lipolytic factor (toxohormone-L) from cell-free fluid of ascites sarcoma 180, Cancer Res 41:284 (1981).
S. Kitada, E.F. Hays, J.F. Mead, Characterization of a lipid mobilizing factor from tumors, Progr Lipid Res 20:823 (1981).
B. Beutler, D. Greenwald, J.D. Hulmes, M. Chang, Y.C. Pan, J. Mathison, R. Ulevitch, A. Cerami, Identity of tumor necrosis factor and the macrophage-secreted factor cachectin, Nature 316:552 (1985).
C. Grunfeld, M. Palladino, Jr., Tumor necrosis factor: Immunologic antitumor, metabolic, and cardiovascular activities, Adv Int Med 35:45 (1990).
R.J. Spiegel, E.J. Schaefer, I.T. Magrath, B.K. Edwards, Plasma lipid alterations in leukemia and lymphoma, Am J Med 72:775 (1982).
M. DiGirolamo, F.D. Newby, J. Lovejoy, Lactate production in adipose tissue: A regulated function with extra-adipose implications, FASEB J 6:2405 (1992).
W.T. Chance, L. Cao, M.W. Kim, J.L. Nelson, J.E. Fisher, Reduction of tumor growth following treatment with a glutamine antimetabolite, Life Sci 42:87 (1988).
J.P. Grant, S.A. Wells, Tumor resistance in rats immunized to fetal tissues, J Surg Res 16:533 (1974).
C.P. Holroyde, T.G. Gabuzda, R.C. Putnam, P. Paul, G.A. Reichard, Altered glucose metabolism in metastatic carcinoma, Cancer Res 35:3710 (1975).
D. McR. Russell, M. Shike, E.B. Marliss, A.S. Detsky, F.A. Shepherd, R. Feld, W.E. Evans, K.N. Jeepeebhoy, Effects of total parenteral nutrition and chemotherapy on the metabolic derangements in small cell lung cancer, Cancer Res 44:1706 (1984).
J.H. Edmonson, Fatty acid mobilization and glucose metabolism in patients with cancer, Cancer 19:277 (1966).
G. Costa, W.W. Lane, R.G. Vincent, J.A. Siebold, M. Aragon, P.T. Baxley, Weight loss and cachexia in lung cancer, Nutr Can 2:98 (1980/81).
R.A. DeFronzo, R.C. Bonadonna, E. Ferrannini, Pathogenesis of NIDDM: A balanced overview, Diabetes Care 15:318 (1992).
D.L. Crandall, S.K. Fried, A.A. Francendese, M. Nickel, M. DiGirolamo, Lactate release from isolated rat adipocytes: Influence of cell size, glucose concentration, insulin and epinephrine, Horm Metabol Res 15:326 (1983).
F.D. Newby M. Sykes, M. DiGirolamo, Regional differences in adipocyte lactate production from glucose, Am J Physiol 255:E716 (1988).
J. Lovejoy, B. Mellon, M. DiGirolamo, Lactate generation following glucose ingestion. Relation to obesity, carbohydrate tolerance and insulin sensitivity, Int J Obes 14:843 (1990).
J. Lovejoy, F.D. Newby, S.S.P. Gebhart, M. DiGirolamo, Insulin resistance in obesity is associated with elevated lactate levels and diminished lactate appearance following intravenous glucose and insulin, Metabolism 41:22 (1992).
A. Kashiwagi, M.A. Verso, J. Andrews, B. Vasquez, G. Reaven, J.E. Foley, In vitro insulin resistance of human adipocytes isolated from subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, J Clin Invest 72:1246 (1983).
P. Marin, M. Rebuffe-Scrive, U. Smith, P. Bjorntorp, Glucose uptake in human adipose tissue, Metabolism 36:1154 (1987).
P.-A. Jansson, U. Smith, P. Lonnroth, Evidence for lactate production by human adipose tissue in vivo, Diabetologia 33:253 (1990).
G.R. Reaven, Role of insulin resistance in human disease, Diabetes 37:1595 (1988).
R.A. DeFronzo, E. Ferrannini, Insulin resistance: A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, Diabetes Care 14:173 (1991).
R.B. Fraser, F.A. Ford, G.F. Lawrence, Insulin sensitivity in third trimester pregnancy. A randomized study of dietary effects, Brit J Obst Gynecol 95:223 (1988).
G.M. Reaven, C. Hollenbeck, C.-Y. Jeng, M.S. Wu, Y.-D.I. Chen, Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate and insulin for 24 h in patients with NIDDM, Diabetes 37:1020 (1988).
E. Ferrannini, G. Buzzigoli, R. Bonadonna, M.A. Giorico, M. Oleggini, L. Graziadei, R. Pedrinelli, L. Brandi, S. Bevilacqua, Insulin resistance in essential hypertension, N Engl J Med 317:350 (1987).
S. Inchiostro, G. Biolo, E. Duner, E. Lori, L. Sabadin, G. Merola, M.G. Fratton, A. Tiengo, F. Mantero, P. Tessari, Metabolic profiles in Cushing’s syndrome in the post-absortive state and during euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamps, Diab Nutr Metab 5:47 (1992).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Digirolamo, M. (1994). Metabolic Alterations and Lactate Overproduction in Insulin-Resistant States. In: Jacobs, M.M. (eds) Diet and Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 375. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0939-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0939-8_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0941-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0939-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive