Abstract
The study of language variation within second-language acquisition research generally includes variation across learners as well as within the production of a single learner. An area which is less often addressed is the variation which is found across nonnative institutional varieties. It is important that this be done both because of the huge numbers of people who speak these nonnative varieties and because of the wide-ranging implications that this area of research has for the study of second-language acquisition in general. A number of descriptive studies of nonnative institutionalized varieties of English (NIVEs) have been reported (Bailey & Görlach, 1982; Görlach, 1984; Kachru, 1982b; Lowenberg, 1986; Platt, Weber, & Ho, 1984; Smith, 1981; Williams, 1987a).
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Williams, J. (1989). Variation and Convergence in Nonnative Institutionalized Englishes. In: Eisenstein, M.R. (eds) The Dynamic Interlanguage. Topics in Language and Linguistics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0900-8_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0900-8_8
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