Pattern Generation for Walking Movements

Abstract

Walking is a very variable kind of movement. The analysis of the neural network producing such a variable motor output is shown for the stick insect, but there is some probability that many of the statements are also valid for walking in general. The experimental results allow us to make the following hypotheses. Each leg has its own pattern generator for walking movements. Higher centers recommend walking direction and gait by opening or closing coordinating pathways between these pattern generators, but the actual decision is made under the influence of sense organs. Each pattern generator is built-up of subunits (approximately one for each joint). The coordination of the subunits may vary, and the subunits can also be used for the control of other active movements. Each subunit contains sense organs as integral parts. In the denervated preparation at least some of the subunits are able to produce an irregular alternation, but there is no coordination between them.