Skip to main content

Geriatric Populations

  • Chapter
  • 108 Accesses

Abstract

Psychiatric care for the elderly challenges clinicians to orchestrate a broad array of psychosocial and medical skills in dealing with complex clinical and existential problems. Although the elements of assessment and treatment are essentially the same as in other adult areas, the approach to care is altered by the distinctive array of psychological, biological, and social problems one sees in elderly patients. This chapter is intended to acquaint the reader with some of these problems and with the principles of assessment and treatment that apply to their management.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Atchley, R. C. (1983). Aging: Continuity and change. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, D. F. (1983). Subcortical dementia: A clinical approach. In R. Mayeux & W. G. Rosen (Eds.), The dementias (pp. 185–194 ). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D. G. (1982). Depression in late life. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D. G., & Williams, C. D. (1980). Epidemiology of dysphoria and depression in an elderly population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 439–444.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D., Hughes, D. C., & George, L. K. (1987). The epidemiology of depression in an elderly community population. The Gerontologist, 27, 281–287.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B. E., & Roth, M. (1968). The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 797–811.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, E. M. (1977). Long-term care of older people: A practical guide. New York: Human Sciences Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. N. (1964). The life review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. In R. Kastenbaum (Ed.), New thoughts on old age. (pp. 269–280 ). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. N., & Lewis, M. I. (1982). Aging and mental health. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cath, S. (1966). Beyond depression-The depleted state: A study in ego psychology in the aged. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal Special Supplement, 11, 239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, G. D. (1980). Prospects for mental health and aging. In J. E. Birren & R. B. Sloane (Eds.), Handbook of mental health and aging (pp. 971–993 ). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. L., & Benson, D. F. (1983). Dementia, a clinical approach. Stoneham, MA: Butterworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duke University Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development. (1978). Multidimensional Functional Assessment: The OARS Methodology. Durham, NC: Duke University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 129–136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, J. M. (1983). Images of aging: Music and musing. Presidential Symposium for the Arts and Humanities Annual Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, November 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ford, C. V., & Sbordone, R. J. (1980). Attitudes of psychiatrists toward elderly patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 571–575.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, D., & Thompson, L. W. (1982a). Depression. In P. M. Lewinsohn & L. Teri (Eds.), Clinical geropsychology (pp. 7–37 ). New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, D. E., & Thompson, L. W. (1982b). Treatment of major depressive disorder in older adult outpa-tients with brief psychotherapies. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 19, 482–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galenberg, A. (1985). Trazodone-induced conduction delay. Biological Therapies in Psychiatry, 8, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgotas, A., Stokes, P. E., Krakowski, M., Fanelli, C., & Cooper, T. (1984). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function in geriatric depression: Diagnostic and treatment implications. Biological Psychia-try, 19, 685–693.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giardina, E. G. V., Bigger, J. T., Glassman, A. H., Perel, J. M., & Kantnor, S. L. (1979). The electrocardiographic and antiarrhythmic effects of imipramine hydrochloride at therapeutic plasma concentrations. Circulation, 60, 1045–1052.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstrom, I. D., Burns, B. J., Kessler, L. G., Feuerberg, M. A., Larson, D. B., Miller, N. E., & Cromer, W. J. (1987). Mental health services use by elderly adults in a primary care setting. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 147–153.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurland, B. J. (1976). The comparative frequency of depression in various adult age groups. Journal of Gerontology, 31, 283–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurland, B. J. (1980). The assessment of the mental health status of older adults. In J. E. Birren & R. B. Sloane (Eds.), Handbook of mental health and aging (pp. 671–700 ). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurland, B., Kuriansky, J., Sharpe, L., Simon, R., Stiller, P., & Birkett, P. (1977). The comprehensive assessment and referral evaluation (CARE)-rationale, development and reliability. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 8, 9–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurland, B., Bennett, R., & Wilder, D. (1981). Reevaluating the place of evaluation in planning for alternatives to institutional care for the elderly. Journal of Social Issues, 37, 51–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurland, B. J., Wilder, D. E., Golden, R., Teresi, J. A., Gurland, R., & Copeland, J. R. M. (1988). The relationship between depression and disability in the elderly: Data from the Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation (CARE). In J. P. Wattis & I. Hindmarsh (Eds.)., Psychological assessment of the elderly. London: Churchill Livingston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jahnigen, D. W., & Schrier, R. W. (Eds.). (1986). Clinics in geriatric medicine, ethical issues in the care of the elderly. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenike, M. A. (1985). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors as treatment for depressed patients with primary degenerative dementia (Alzheimer’s disease). American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 763–764.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, C. G. (1923). Psychological types. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahana, R. J. (1978). Discussion of psychoanalysis in later life. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11, 37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffe, M. W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. Journal of the American Medical Association, 185, 914–919.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R. (1987). Alzheimer’s disease: Advances and opportunities. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 35, 69–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, L. E., Roca, R. P., McArthur, J., Vogelsang, G., Klein, G. B., Kirby, S. M., & Folstein, M. (1985). Diagnosing dementia: Univariate and multivariate analyses of the mental status examination. Journal of The American Geriatrics Society, 33, 483–488.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakatta, E. G. (1985). Heart and circulation. In C. E. Finch & E. L. Schneider (Eds.), Handbook of the biology of aging ( 2nd Ed. ) (pp. 377–413 ). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist, 9, 179–186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, L. W. (1980). Self psychology and psychotherapy with the elderly: Theory and practice. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatary, 13, 69–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeMay, M., Stafford, J. L., Sandor, T., Albert, M., Haykal, H., & Zamani, A. (1986). Statistical assessment of perceptual CT scan ratings in patients with Alzheimer type dementia. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 10, 802–809.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCartney, J. R., & Palmateer, L. M. (1985). Assessment of cognitive deficit in geriatric patients: A study of physician behavior. Journal of The American Geriatrics Society, 33, 467–471.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1984). Emerging lives, enduring dispositions. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morycz, R. K. (1985). Caregiving strain and the desire to intitutionalize family members with Alzheimer’s Disease. Research on Aging, 7, 329–361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, M. B., Albert, M. S., Butters, N., & Payne, M. (1986). Differential patterns of memory loss among patients with Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and alcoholic Korsakoff’s syndrome. Archives of Neurology, 43, 239–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neugarten, B. L. (Ed.). (1968). Middle age and aging. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton, N. A., Lazarus, L. W., & Weinberg, J. (1984). Aging: Biopsychosocial perspectives. In D. Offer & M. Sabshin (Eds.), Normality and the lifecycle (pp. 230–285 ). New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pellettier, J. R., & Bartolucci, G. (1984). Trazodone and cardiovascular side effects (letters to ed). Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 4, 119.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plotkin, D. A., Mintz, J., & Jarvik, L. (1985). Subjective memory complaints in geriatric depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 1103–1105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popkin, S. J., Gallagher, D., Thompson, L. W., & Moore, M. (1982). Memory complaint and performance in normal and depressed older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 8, 141–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rabins, P. V., Merchant, A., & Nestadt, G. (1984). Criteria for diagnosing reversible dementia caused by depression: Validation by 2-year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 488–492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reifler, B. V. (1986). Mixed cognitive-affective disturbances in the elderly: A new classification. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 354–356.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisberg, B. (1985). Alzheimer’s disease update. Psychiatric Annals, 15, 319–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., de Leon, M. J., & Crook, T. (1982). The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1136–1139.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisberg, B., Shulman, E., Ferris, S. H., de Leon, M. J., & Geibel, V. (1983). Clinical assessments of age-associated cognitive decline and primary degenerative dementia: Prognostic concomitants. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 19, 734–739.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reisberg, B., Gordon, B., McCarthy, M., & Ferris, S. H. (1985). Clinical symptoms accompanying progressive cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease. In V. L. Melnick & N. N. Dubler (Eds.), Alzheimer’s dementia: Dilemmas in clinical research (pp. 19–39 ). Clifton, NJ: Humana.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. F., & Kupfer, D. J. (1987). Neuropsychiatrie aspects of sleep disorders. In R. E. Hales & S. C. Yudofsky (Eds.), Textbook of neuropsychiatry (pp. 241–256 ). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, R. A. (1972). The evolution of geriatric psychiatry. The Scottish Society of the History of Medicine, 16, 184–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodin, G., & Voshart, K. (1986). Depression in the medically ill: An overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 696–705.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roose, S. P., Glassman, A. H., Giardina, E. G. V., Walsh, T. B., Woodring, S., & Bigger, T. (1987). Tricyclic antidepressants in depressed patients with cardiac conduction disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 273–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, M. (1955). The natural history of mental disorder in old age. Journal of Mental Science, 101, 281–301.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, M., & Kay, D. W. K. (1962). Psychoses among the aged. In H. T. Blumenthal (Ed.), Medical and clinical aspects of aging (pp. 74–96 ). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, J. W., & Minaker, K. L. (1985). Geriatric medicine. In C. E. Finch & E. L. Schneider (Eds.), Handbook of the biology of aging ( 2nd ed. ) (pp. 932–959 ). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salzman, C. (1984). Clinical geriatric psycho-pharmacology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, R. (1985). Emotion and affect. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 531–543 ). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, B., & Sherwin, I. (1978). “Organic brain syndromes”: An empirical study and critical review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 13–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, A., Lowenthal, M. G., & Epstein, L. J. (1970). Crisis and intervention: The fate of the elderly mental patient. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, G. W., & Jarvik, L. F. (1982). Depression in the aged. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 5, 45–48.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steuer, J. L., Mintz, J., Hammen, C. L., Hill, M. A., Jarvik, L. F. McCarley, T., Motoike, P., & Rosen, R. (1984). Cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic group psychotherapy in treatment of geriatric depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 180–189.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stoudemire, A., & Atkinson, P. (1988). Use of cyclic antidepressants in patients with cardiac conduction disturbances. General and Hospital Psychiatry, 10, 389–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1985–1986). Aging America: Trends and projections.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. W (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winograd, C. H., & Jarvik, L. F. (1986). Physician management of the demented patient. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 34, 295–208.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yesavage, J. A., & Karasu, T. B. (1982). Psychotherapy with elderly patients.American Journal of Psychotherapy, 36, 41–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zisook, S., & Shuchter, S. R. (1985). Time course of spousal bereavement. General Hospital Psychiatry, 7, 95–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Marin, R.S. (1990). Geriatric Populations. In: Thase, M.E., Edelstein, B.A., Hersen, M. (eds) Handbook of Outpatient Treatment of Adults. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0894-0_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0894-0_22

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0896-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0894-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics