Abstract
The theoretical bases of behavior therapy have traditionally been concerned with the acquisition and extinction of fear and avoidance responses, and have drawn extensively on animal learning experiments carried out under carefully controlled conditions. The intriguing parallels with human experience to be found in animal experiments should not, however, be allowed to detract from an appreciation of the differences between the laboratory and the situation of a patient in a health care delivery system. In the latter, for instance, patients have already selected themselves as being unable to solve their problems on their own, and have defined these problems as requiring the sort of help provided by professionals. Patients also vary considerably in their perceptions of themselves and their abilities, and many complain of chronically low self-esteem. These factors are likely to interact with response to treatment, and for these reasons such individuals may not provide typical examples of fear acquisition and extinction processes of the kind that would be common in the laboratory.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alloy, L. B., & Tabachnik, N. (1984). Assessment of covariation by humans and animals: The joint influence of prior expectations and current situational information. Psychological Review, 91, 112–149.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1978). The self-system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33, 344–358.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122–147.
Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., Hardy, A. B., & Howells, G. N. (1980). Tests of the generality of self-efficacy theory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, 39–66.
Bandura, A., & Schunk, D. H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal oj Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 586–598.
Bandura, A., & Simon, K. M. (1977). The role of proximal intentions in self-regulation of refractory behavior. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, 177–193.
Bargh, J. A. (1984). Automatic and conscious processing of social information. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition (Vol. 3) (pp. 1–43). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Barrios, B. A. (1983). The role of cognitive mediators in heterosocial anxiety: A test of self-efficacy theory. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7, 543–554.
Beck, A. T. (1983). Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. In P.J. Clayton & J. E. Barrett (Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches (pp. 265–290). New York: Raven Press.
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Wiley.
Blatt, S. J., Quinlan, D. M., Chevron, E. S., McDonald, C., & Zuroff, D. (1982). Dependency and self- criticism: Psychological dimensions of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 113–124.
Bradley, G. W. (1978). Self-serving biases in the attribution process: A re-examination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 56–71.
Brewin, C. R. (1984). Attributions for industrial accidents: Their relationship to rehabilitation outcome. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2, 156–164.
Brewin, C. R. (1985). Depression and causal attributions: What is their relation? Psychological Bulletin, 98, 297–309.
Brewin, C. R., & Antaki, C. (1982). The role of attributions in psychological treatment. In C. Antaki & C. R. Brewin (Eds.), Attributions and psychological change, (pp. 23–44). London: Academic Press.
Brewin, C. R., & Antaki, C. (1987). An analysis of ordinary explanations in clinical attribution research. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 79–98.
Brewin, C. R., & Shapiro, D. A. (1984). Beyond locus of control: Attributions of responsibility for positive and negative outcomes. British Journal of Psychology, 75, 43–49.
Condiotte, M. M., & Lichtenstein, E. (1981). Self-efficacy and relapse in smoking cessation programs. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 648–658.
DiClemente, C. C. (1981). Self-efficacy and smoking cessation maintenance: A preliminary report. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5, 175–187.
DiClemente, C. C., Prochaska, J. O., & Gibertini, M. (1985). Self-efficacy and the stages of self-change of smoking. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9, 181–200.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1974). Detecting deception from the body or face. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 288–298.
Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1980). Verbal reports as data. Psychological Review, 87, 215–251.
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117–140.
Frankel, A., & Snyder, M. L. (1978). Poor performance following unsolvable problems: Learned helplessness or egotism? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1415–1423.
Hammen, C., Marks, T., Mayol, A., & DeMayo, R. (1985). Depressive self-schemas, life stress, and vulnerability to depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 308–319.
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
Johnson, D. A. W. (1981). Depression: Treatment compliance in general practice. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia (suppl.), 63, (Suppl. 290) 447–453.
Jones, E. E., & Berglas, S. (1978). Control of attributions about the self through self-handicapping strategies: The appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, 200–206.
Kanfer, F. H. (1970). Self-regulation: Research, issues, and speculations. In C. Neuringer & J. L. Michael (Eds.), Behavior modification in clinical psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Kassin, S. M., & Baron, R. M. (1985). Basic determinants of attribution and social perception. In J. H. Harvey & G. Weary (Eds.), Attribution: Basic issues and applications (pp. 37–64). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Kazdin, A. E. (1979). Imagery elaboration and self-efficacy in the covert modeling treatment of unassertive behaviour. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 725–733.
Kelley, H. H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation. Vol. 15 (pp. 192–240). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Lane, T. W., & Borkove, C. T. D. (1984). The influence of therapeutic expectancy/demand on self-efficacy ratings. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 95–106.
Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1970). The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn’t he help? New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts.
Ley, P. (1977). Psychological studies of doctor-patient communication. In S. Rachman (Ed.), Contributions to medical psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 9–42). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Lick, J., & Bootzin, R. (1975). Expectancy factors in the treatment of fear: Methodological and theoretical issues. Psychological Bulletin, 82, 917–931.
Mandler, G. (1984). Mind and Body: The psychology of emotion and stress. New York: W. W. Norton.
Meier, S., McCarthy, P. R., & Schmeck, R. R. (1984). Validity of self-efficacy as a predictor of writing performance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 107–120.
Morris, P. E. (1981). The cognitive psychology of self-reports. In C. Antaki (Ed.), The psychology of ordinary explanations of social behaviour (pp. 183–203). London: Academic Press.
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231–259.
Posner, M. I., & Snyder, C. R. (1975). Attention and cognitive control. In R. L. Solso (Ed.), Information processing and cognition: The Loyola symposium. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (1983). Determinants of reduction in intended effort as a strategy for coping with anticipated failure. Journal oj Research in Personality, 17, 412–422.
Rhodewalt, F., Saltzman, A. T., & Wittmer, J. (in press). Self-handicapping among competitive athletes: The role of practice in self-esteem protection. Basic and Applied Social Psychology.
Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1–66.
Shapiro, A. K. (1971). Placebo effects in medicine, psychotherapy, and psychoanalysis. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis (pp. 439 – 473). New York: Wiley.
Smith, T. W., Snyder, C. R., & Perkins, S. C. (1983). The self-serving function of hypochondriacal complaints: Physical symptoms as self-handicapping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 787–797.
Snyder, C. R., & Smith, T. W. (1982). Symptoms as self-handicapping strategies: The virtues of old wine in a new bottle. In G. Weary & H. Mirels (Eds.), Integrations of social and clinical psychology (pp. 104 – 127). New York: Oxford University Press.
Strickland, B. R. (1978). Internal-external expectancies and health-related behaviors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1192–1211.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124–1131.
Wachtel, P. (Ed.). (1982). Resistance: Psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. New York: Plenum Press.
Wilson, T. D. (1985). Strangers to ourselves: The origins and accuracy of beliefs about one’s own mental states. In J. H. Harvey & G. Weary (Eds.), Attribution: Basic issues and applications (9–36). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Wilson, T. D., Dunn, D. S., Bybee, J. A., Hyman, D. B., & Rotondo, J. A. (1984). Effects of analysing reasons on attitude-behavior consistency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 5–16.
Wilson, T. D., Lassiter, G. D., & Stone, J. I. (1984). Regulated versus unregulated nonverbal behaviour in social interaction: Evidence for limited access to mental states. Unpublished manuscript, University of Virginia.
Wylie, R. C. (1979). The self concept (Vols. 1 & 2, rev. ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Zuckerman, M., Larrance, D. T., Spiegel, N.H., & Klorman, R. (1981). Controlling nonverbal cues: Facial expressions and tone of voice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 506–524.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brewin, C.R. (1987). Cognitive Theories of Motivation. In: Eysenck, H.J., Martin, I. (eds) Theoretical Foundations of Behavior Therapy. Perspectives on Individual Differences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0827-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0827-8_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0829-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0827-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive