Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cognitive Treatment of Depression

  • Chapter
Theoretical Foundations of Behavior Therapy

Part of the book series: Perspectives on Individual Differences ((PIDF))

Abstract

Something over 150 different psychotherapies for emotional disturbances exist. In the light of this it is important to retain perspective in evaluating the significance of any new therapy. Cognitive-behavior therapy deserves our attention because its efficacy has been studied more systematically than most forms of psychotherapy for clinical depression. Not only has it been compared with other forms of psychological treatment (e.g., psychodynamic approaches and relaxation; McLean & Hakstian, 1979) but also compared with the most commonly used physical treatment: antidepressant medication, (Blackburn, Bishop, Glen, Whalley, & Christie, 1981; McLean & Hakstian, 1979; Murphy, Simons, Wetzel, & Lustman, 1984; Rush et al., 1977).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramson, L. T., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1973). Human associative memory. Washington, DC: Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1964). Thinking and depression: 2. Theory and therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 10, 561 – 571.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Hoeber. (Republished as Depression: Causes and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Hollan, S. D., Young, J. E., Bedrosian, R. C., & Budenz, D. (1985). Treatment of depression with cognitive therapy and amitriptyline. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 142–148.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Shaw, A. J., Rush, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, J. (1974). Depression: Theory and research. Washington, DC: V. H. Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn, I. M., Bishop, S., Glen, I. M., Whalley, L. J., & Christie, J. E. (1981). The efficacy of cognitive therapy in depression: A treatment trial using cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, each alone and in combination. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 181–189.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carney, M. W. P., Roth, M., & Garside, R. F. (1965). The diagnosis of depressive syndromes and the prediction of ECT response. British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 659–674.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carver, C. S., & Ganellan, R.J. (1983). Depression and components of self-positiveness: High standards, self-criticism and overgeneralization. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 330–337.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chodoff, P. (1972). The depressive personality. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 666–673.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, E. (1982). An investigation into the effect of internally and externally focused tasks on depressed mood. Unpublished masters thesis, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fennell, M. J. V., & Teasdale, J. D. (1984). Effects of distraction on thinking and affect in depressed patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 65–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fennell, M.J. V., & Teasdale, J. D. (1987). Cognitive therapy of depression: individual differences in the process of change. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 11, 253–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gotlib, I. H., & McCann, C. D. (1984). Construct accessibility and depression: An examination of cognitive and affective factors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 427–439.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1967). Development of rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 278–296.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harpin, R. E., Lieberman, R. P., Marks, I., Stern, R., & Bohannon, W. E. (1982). Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronically depressed patients: A controlled pilot study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 170, 295–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kihlstrom, J. E., & Nasby, W. (1981). Cognitive tasks in clinical assessment: An exercise in applied psychology. In P.C. Kendall, & S.D. Hollon (Eds.), Assessment strategies for cognitive-behavioural interventions (pp. 287–318). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper, N. A., & MacDonald, M. R. (1982). Self and other perception in mild depressives. Social Cognition, 1, 223–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn, P. N. (1976). Activity schedules in treatment of depression. In J. D. Krumbolz & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Counselling Method (pp. 74–83). New York: Holtz, Rinehart, Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, G. G., & Lishman, W. A. (1975). Effect of depression on the speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Psychological Medicine, 5, 173–180.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General), 105, 3–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 563–569.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, P. D., & Hakstian, A. R. (1979). Clinical depression: Comparative efficacy of outpatient treatments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 818–836.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive behaviour modification. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Merluzzi, T. V., Rudy, T. E., & Glass, C. R. (1981). The information processing paradigm implications for clinical science. In T. V. Merluzzi, C. R. Glass, & M. Genest (Eds.), Cognitive assessment (pp. 77– 126). New York: Guildford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G. E., Simons, K. D., Wetzel, R. D., & Lustman, P.J. (1984). Cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy; singly and together in the treatment of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 33–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, D. A., & Bobrow, D. G. (1979). Descriptions: An intermediate stage in memory retrieval. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 107–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, L. W. (1981). Roots and branches of behavioural and cognitive practice. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 12, 5–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reda, M. (1983). Cognitive organization and antidepressants. In M. A. Reda & M.J. Mahoney (Eds.), Cognitive psycho therapie s (pp. 119–140). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, B. J., Black, J. B., & Abelson, R. P. (1985). Knowledge structures in the organization and retrieval of autobiographical memories. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 89–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum, M. (1980). A schedule for assessing self control behaviours: Preliminary findings. Behaviour Therapy, 11, 109–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rotzer, F. T., Nabitz, U., Koch, H., & Pflug, B. (1982). Zur Bedeutung von Allribuierungsprozessen bei der Depressionsbehandlung. In Leur G. (Ed.) Bericht des 33 Kongresses der deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie. September 1982. Mainz, FRG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rush, A. J., Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Hollon, S. (1977). Comparative efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressed outpatients. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, 17–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, development and death. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, A. D., Garfield, S. L., & Murphy, G. E. (1984). The process of change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 45–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Robins, E. (1978). Research Diagnostic Criteria (ROC) for selected group of functional disorders (3rd ed.), N.Y. State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strack, F., Schwarz, N., & Gschneidinger, E. (1985). Happiness and reminiscing: The role of time perspective, affect, and mode of thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1460–1469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, F. G., & Marshall, W. L. (1977). Experimental analysis of a cognitive or behavioural therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, 59–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, J. D. (1983). Negative thinking in depression: Cause, effect or reciprocal relationship? Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5, 3–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, J. D., Fennell, M.J. V., Hibbert, G. A., & Amies, P. L. (1984). Cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 400–406.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, J. D., & Fogarty, S.J. (1979). Differential effects of induced mood on retrieval of pleasant and unpleasant events from episodic memory. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 248–257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, J. D., & Resin, V. (1978). The effects of reducing frequency of negative thoughts on the mood of depressed patients—Tests of a cognitive model of depression. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17, 65–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watts, F. N., & Sharrock, R. (1985). Description and measurement of concentration problems in depressed patients. Psychological Medicine, 15, 317–326.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watts, F. N., McKenna, F. P., Sharrock, R., & Trezise, L. (1986). The stroop test as a measure of phobic attention. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 97–108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. M. G. (1984a). The psychological treatment of depression: A guide to the theory and practice of cognitive- behaviour therapy. London & Canberra: Croom Helm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. M. G. (1984b). Cognitive behavior therapy for depression: Problems and perspectives. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 254–262.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. M. G., & Broadbent, K. (1986a). Distraction by emotional stimuli: use of a stroop task with suicide attempters. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 101–110.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. M. G., & Broadbent, K. (1986b). Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 144–149.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. M. G., & Nulty, D. (1986c). Construct accessibility, depression and the emotional stroop task: transient state or stable structure. Personality and Individual Differences, 7, 485–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, P. H., Goldin, J. C., & Charbonneau-Powis, M. (1983). Comparative efficacy of behaviour and cognitive treatments of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 7, 111–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeiss, A. M., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Munoz, R. F. (1979). Non-specific improvement effects in depression using interpersonal skills training, pleasant activity schedules, or cognitive training. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 427–439.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MRC Applied Psychology Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 2EF, England

    J. M. G. Williams

Authors
  1. J. M. G. Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Psychiatry, London, England

    Hans J. Eysenck  & Irene Martin  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Williams, J.M.G. (1987). Cognitive Treatment of Depression. In: Eysenck, H.J., Martin, I. (eds) Theoretical Foundations of Behavior Therapy. Perspectives on Individual Differences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0827-8_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0827-8_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0829-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0827-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation