Skip to main content

Demographic and Economic Changes in the Hallstatt Period of the Lusatian Culture

  • Chapter
Tribe and Polity in Late Prehistoric Europe

Abstract

Any attempt to account for the demographic and economic changes in the Hallstatt Period must prove to be a challenging task. The problem, after all, consists in explaining not only certain specific human activities, but also their ultimate ramifications. These two aspects hitherto have been dealt with independently. This situation prevails not just in the province of archaeology, but also in all of the historical sciences. Researchers trying to account for various human activities usually follow one of three models:

  1. 1)

    chronicling, that is, merely reporting a given sequence of events;

  2. 2)

    hermeneutic models, based on methods that attempt to “understand” human actions from a psychological point of view; or

  3. 3)

    social scientific interpretation that aims at uncovering the motives of human actions, and is based on knowledge of conditions and “norms”, that is, definite sets of values.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acsádi, G. and J. Nemeskéri 1970 History of Human Life Span and Mortality. Budapest: Akademiai Kiadó.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anati, E. 1960 La Civilisation du Val Camonica. Paris: B. Arthaud.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G. 1985 Prehistoric Farming in Europe. London: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berglund, B. 1969 Vegetation and human influence in south Scandinavia during prehistoric time. Okios supplemental volume 12:9–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berglund, B. 1985 Early Agriculture in Scandinavia: Research Problems Related to Pollen-analytical Studies. Norwegian Archaeological Review 18:77–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dymaczewski, A. 1968 Wsprawie przemian gospodarczych u schyxku starožytnoci w póxnocno-srodkowej Europie. Archeologia Polski 8:303–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dziȩczkowski, A. and J. Ostoja-Zagórski 1976 Próba zastosowania analizy malakologicznej do rekonstrukcji srodowiska przyrodniczego na przykxadzie grodziska halsztackiego z Jankowa woj. Bydgoszcz. Archeologia Polski 21:319–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ennen, E., and W. Janssen 1979 Deutsche Agrarge schichte vom Neolithikum bis zur Schwekke des Industriezeitalters. Wiesbaden: Franz Steier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godxowski, K. 1966 Problem przexomu w technice uprawy ziemi na ziemiach polskich w pierwszym tysiacleciu n.e. Studia z dziejów gospodarstwa wiejskiego 8:77–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, F.A., (ed.) 1982 Climatic Changes in Later Prehistory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harding, F.A., and J. Ostoja-Zagórski (in press) Influence of Settlement in the Bronze Age on the Natural Environment in the Sobiejuchy microregion, near Znin (northeastern Great-Poland).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, A.F. 1981 Demographic Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Helbaek, H. 1971 The Origin and Migration of Rye, Secale cereale: A Paleoethno-botanical Study. In Plant Life of South-west Asia. P. H. Davies (ed.); pp. 265–280. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henneberg, M., and E. Kihl-Szymańska 1980 Wsȩpna ocena sytuacji demograficzno-gospodarczej w “Xiźyckiej” grupie halsztackiej w Gniewowie, gmina Smigiel. In Rola oddziaxywań kregu halsztackiego w rozwoju spoxeczeństw epoki źelaza w Polsce zachodniej na tie środkowo-europejskím. B. Gediga (ed.); pp. 111–122. Wrocxaw: Ossolineum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henneberg, M., and J. Ostoja-Zagórski 1984 Use of a general ecological model for the reconstruction of prehistoric economy: the Hallstatt Period Culture of northwestern Poland. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 3:41–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, P.S. 1971 Pollen-analytical evidence for the effect of prehistoric agriculture on the vegetation of North Derbyshire. New Phytologist 70:647–667.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higgs, E.S., and C. Vita-Finzi 1972 Prehistoric economies: a territorial approach. In Papers in Economic Prehistory. E. S. Higgs (ed.); pp.27–36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huntley, B., and H.J.B. Birks 1983 An Atlas of Past and Present Pollen Maps for Europe: 0–13,000 Years Ago. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iversen, J. 1969 Retrogressive development of a forest ecosystem demonstrated by pollen diagrams. Okios supplemental volume 12:35–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jankowska, B. 1980 Szata roslinna okolic Gopxa w późnyrn glacjale i holocenie oraz wpxyw osadnictwa na jej rozwój w świetle badań paleobotanicznych. Przeglad Archcheologiczny 27:5–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jockenhövel, A., and J. Ostoja-Zagórski (in press) Möglichkeiten einer wirtschaftarchäologischen Gliederung urnenfelderzeitlicher kulturgruppen Mitteleuropas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klichowska, M. 1984 Struktury uprawne w epoce brazu i wczesnej epoce źelaza na ziemiach polskich w świetle badań archeobotanicznych. Archeologia Polski 29:69–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koxodziejski, A. 1971 Badania zespoxu osadniczego ludnosci kultury xuźyckiej z okresu poźnohalsztackiego w Wicinie powiat Lubsko w latach 1966–1969. Sprawozdania Archeologiczne 23:93–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurnatowski, S. 1981 Przemiany gospodarki źywnościowej Sxowiań Poabskich. In Sxowiańszczyzna Poxabska miȩdzy Niemcami a Polska. J. Strzelczyk (ed.); pp. 63–93. Poznan: Poznań University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, E. 1976 Grundlagen und Entwicklungstendenzen der frühgeschichtlichen Agrarproduktion aus botanischer Sicht. Zeitschrift für Archäologie 10:75–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lataxowa, M. 1985 Warunki przyrodnicze osadnictwa prahistorycznego w okolicach Jeziora Zarnowieckiego w swietle badan paleobotanicznych. Archeologia Polski 30:261–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loźek, V. 1980 Holocen. Slovenská Archeologia 28:107–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowmiański, H. 1972 Rolnictwo u Sxowian. Sxownik Staroźytności Sxwiańskich 4:530–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neustupnx, E. 1983 Demografie pravékých pohtebist. Praha.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowaczyk, B., J. Ostoja-Zagórski, A. Pazdurowa, and O. Romanowska-Grabowska 1981 Zmiany poziomu wód w jeziorze Wolskim w świetle badań archeologicznych i datowań C-14. Badania Fizjograficzne nad Polska Zachodnia 24:141–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowinski, N. 1970 Dzoeje upraw i roślin uprawnych. Warszawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostoja-Zagörski, J. 1974 From studies on the economic structure at the decline of the Bronze Age and the Hallstatt Period in the north and west zone of the Oder and Vistula basins. Przeglad Archeologiczny 22:123–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostoja-Zagörski, J. 1978 Gród halsztacki w Jankowie nad Jezlorem Pakoskim. Wroclaw: Ossolineum Press:

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostoja-Zagörski, J. 1980 An attempt of the reconstruction of economic transformations in the Hallstatt Period in the north and west zone of the Oder and Vistula river basins. In Unconventional Archaeology. R. Schild (ed.); pp.141–156. Wroclaw: Ossolineum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostoja-Zagörski, J. 1982 Przemiany osadnicze, demograficzne i gospodarcze w okresie halsztackim na Pomorzu. Wroclaw: Ossilineum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostoja-Zagörski, J. 1983 Aspekte der Siedlungskunde, Demographie und Wirtschaft hallstatzeitlicher Burgen vom Biskupin-Typ. Prähistorische Zeitschrift 58:173–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ostoja-Zagórski, J., and J. Strzaxko 1984 Biologie-cultural changes in the Hallstatt Period in the microregion of Sobiejuchy, near Znin, Duchy of Bydgoszcz. Archaeologia Polona 23:23–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, J. 1981 Wpxyw zasiedleń prahistorycznych na ksztaxtowanie siȩ szaty rośslinnej okolic Worytów w ciagu ostatnich 5000 lat. In Woryty: Studium archeologiczno-przyrodnicze zespoxu osadniczego kultury Xuźyckiej, J. Dabrowski (ed.); pp. 33–42. Wrocxaw: Ossolineum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherratt, A. G. 1972 Socio-economic and demographic models for the Neolithic and Bronze Ages of Europe. In Models in Archaeology. D. L. Clarke (ed.); pp.477–542. London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobocinski, M. 1975 Materiax kostny zwierzecy z grodziska wklesxego w Bninie. Pp. 201–213 in J. Zak (ed.) Materiaxy do studiów nad osadnictwe bninskim. Poznań: Poznań University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szafranski, F. 1973 Roslinność Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodnowego w późnym glaejale i holocenie w świetle badań palynologicznych nad osadami Jeziora Budzyńskiego. Folia Quaternaria 42:1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobolski, K. 1982 Anthropogenic changes in the vegetation of the Gradno-Leba Lowland, N. Poland. Acta Paleobotanica 22:131–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welinder, S. 1977 Prehistoric Demography. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia 8, 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells, P. S. 1981 The Emergence of an Iron Age Economy. The Mecklenburg Grave Groups from Hallstatt and Sticna. Mecklenburg Collection Part III. American School of Prehistoric Research, Bulletin 33. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ostoja-Zagórski, J. (1988). Demographic and Economic Changes in the Hallstatt Period of the Lusatian Culture. In: Gibson, D.B., Geselowitz, M.N. (eds) Tribe and Polity in Late Prehistoric Europe. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0777-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0777-6_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0779-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0777-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics