Occurrence and Distribution of Substance P- and CGRP-Containing Nerve Fibers in Gastric Mucosa: Species Differences
Abstract
The gastric mucosa is rich in acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers (cf. Schofield, 1968: Yamaguchi et al., 1974; Lechago and Barajas, 1976) and in fibers storing neuropeptides (Schultzberg et al., 1980; Ekblad, 1985; Keast et al., 1985; Tsutsumi and Hara, 1989). In the mucosa of the rat stomach, fibers containing VIP and GRP/bombesin immunoreactivity are notably numerous (Dockray et al., 1979; Ekblad et al, 1985; Iwanaga et al., 1988), while fibers storing other neuropeptides such as substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y and enkephalin are less frequent (Schultzberg et al., 1980; Ekblad et al, 1985). Keast et al. (1985) noted marked species differences in the density of SP-containing nerve fibers in the gastric mucosa. Thus, such fibers were fairly numerous in man, moderate in number in rat and guinea pig and absent altogether from the mucosa of the dog stomach. Also the density of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing fibers in the gastric mucosa varies greatly among species (own unpublished observations). In the muscle layers and the myenteric ganglia the density of fibers storing SP and CGRP displays less species variation.
Keywords
Gastric Mucosa Gastric Acid Secretion Myenteric Ganglion Antral Mucosa Oxyntic MucosaPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Alföldi, P., Obal, F. Jr., Toth, E., and Hideg, J., 1986, Capsaicin pretreatment reduces the gastric acid secretion elicited by histamine but does not affect the responses to carbachol and pentagastrin, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 123: 321.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Andrews, P.L.R., 1986, Vagal afferent innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, Progr. Brain Ras., 67: 65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Brodin, E., Sjölund, K., Hákanson, R., and Sundler, F., 1983, Substance P-containing nerve fibers are numerous in human intestinal mucosa, Gastroenterology, 85: 557.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Dockray, G.J., Green, T., and Varro, A., 1989, The afferent peptidergic innervation of the upper gastrointestinal tract, in: “Nerves and the Gastrointestinal Tract,” M.V. Singer and H. Goebell, eds., Kluwer Acad. Publ., Dordrecht, Netherlands.Google Scholar
- Dockray, G.J., Vaillant, C., and Walsh, J.H., 1979, the neuronal origin of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract, Neuroscience, 4: 1561.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ekblad, E., Ekelund, M., Graffner, H., Hákanson, R., and Sundler, F., 1985, Peptide-containing nerve fibers in the stomach wall of rat and mouse, Gastroenterology, 89: 73.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ferri, G.-L., Adrian, T.E., Soimero, L., Blank, M., Cavalli, D., Biliotti, G., Polak, J.M., Bloom, S.R., 1989, Intramural distribution of immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P, somatostatin and mammalian bombesin in the oesophago-gastro-pyloric region of the human gut, Cell Tissue Res., 256: 191.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Green, T., and Dockray, G.J., 1988, Characterization of the peptidergic afferent innervation of the stomach in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig, Neuroscience, 25: 181.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Holzer, P., Pabst, M.A., and Lippe, I.Th., 1989, Intragastric capsaicin protects against aspirin-induced lesion formation and bleeding in the rat gastric mucosa, Gastroenterology, 96: 1425.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Holzer, P., and Sametz, W., 1986, Capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons involved in gastric mucosal protection, Br. J. Pharmacol., 89: 562P.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Keast, J.R., Furness, J.B., and Costa, M., 1985, Distribution of certain peptide-containing nerve fibers and endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa in five mammalian species, J. Comp. Neurol., 236: 403.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Konturek, S.J., Jaworek, J., Tasler, J., Cieszkowski, M., and Pawlik, W., 1981, Effect of substance P and its C-terminal hexapeptide on gastric and pancreatic secretion in the dog, Am. J. Physiol., 241: G74.Google Scholar
- Kraenzlin, M.E., Ching, J.L.C., Mulderry, P.K., Ghatei, M.A., and Bloom, S.R., 1985, Infusion of a novel peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in man. Pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric acid secretion and on gastrointestinal hormones, Regul. Pept., 10: 189.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kuwahara, A., Ishikawa, T., Mikami, S.-I., and Yanaihara, N., 1983, Distribution of neurons containing immunoreactivity for gastrin-releasing peptide (CGRP), substance P., and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the rat gastric wall, Biomed. Res., 4: 473.Google Scholar
- Lechago, J., and Barajas, L., Cholinergic innervation of the Simian oxyntic mucosa, Am. J. Anat., 147: 147.Google Scholar
- Lenz, H.J., Mortud, M.T., Rivier, J.E., and Brown, M.R., 1985, Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits basal, pentagastrin, histamine, and bethanecol stimulated gastric acid secretion, Gut, 26: 550.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Limlomwongse, L., Chaitauchawong, C., and Tongyai, S., 1979, Effects of capsaicin on gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in the rat, J. Nutr., 109: 773.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Lippe, I.T., Lorbach, M., and Holzer, P., 1989, Close arterial infusion of calcitonin gene-related peptide into the rat stomach inhibits aspirin- and ethanol-induced hemorrhagic damage, Regul. Pept., 26: 35.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Maggi, C.A., Evangelista, S., Abelli, S., Abelli, L., Somma, V., and Meli, A., 1987, Capsaicin-sensitive mechanisms and experimentally induced duodenal ulcers in rats, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 39: 559.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Maggi, C.A., and Meli, A., 1988, The sensory-efferent function of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons, Gen. Pharmacol., 19: 1.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Parkman, H.P., Reynolds, J.C., Elfman, K.S., and Ogorek, C.P., 1989, Calcitonin gene-related peptide: a sensory and motor neurotransmitter in the feline lower esophageal sphincter, Regul. Pept., 25: 131.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Raybould, H.E., and Taché, Y., 1989, Capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent fibers and stimulation of gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 167: 237.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rosza, Z., Mattila, J., and Jacobson, E.D., 1988, Substance P mediates a gastrointestinal thermoreflex in rats, Gastroenterology, 95: 265.Google Scholar
- Schofield, G.C., 1968, Anatomy of muscular and neural tissues in the alimentary canal, in: Handbook of Physiology, Sect. 6 Alimentary Canal, Vol. IV Motility, Ch. F. Code, section ed.Google Scholar
- Schultzberg, M., Hökfelt, T., Nilsson, G., Terenius, L., Rehfeld, J.F., Brown, M., Elde, R., Goldstein, M., and Said, S., 1980, Distribution of peptide- and catecholamine- containing neurons in the gastrointestinal tract of rat and guinea-pig: immunohistochemical studies witih antisera to substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, enkephalins, somatostatin, gastrin/cholecystokinin, neurontensin and dopamine-β-hydroxylase, Neuroscience, 5: 689.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sternini, C., Anderson, K., Frantz, G., Krause, J.E., and Brecha, N., 1989, Expression of substance P/Neurokinin A-encoding preprotachykinin messenger ribonucleic acids in the rat enteric nervous system, Gastroenterology, 97: 348.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Sternini, C., Reeve, J.R. Jr., and Brecha, N., 1987, Distribution and characterization of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the digestive system of normal and capsaicin-treated rats, Gastroenterology, 93: 852.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Szolcsányi, J., and Barthó, L., 1981, Impaired defense mechanism to peptic ulcer in the capsaicin-desensitized rat, Adv. Physiol. Sci., 29: 39.Google Scholar
- Taché, Y., Pappas, T., Lauffenburger, M., Goto, Y., Walsh, J.H., and Debas, H., 1984, Calcitonin gene-related peptide: Potent peripheral inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in rats and dogs, Gastroenterology, 87: 344.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Tsutsumi, Y., and Hara, M., Peptidergic nerve fibers in human stomach and duodenal bulb: immunohistochemical demonstration of changes in fiber distribution in chronic gastritis, Biomed. Res., 10: 209.Google Scholar
- Vau, E., 1937, Über die subglandulären Gangliezellen in der Ma-genwant einiger Haussäugetiere, Anat. Anz., 73: 380.Google Scholar
- Vigna, S.R., Mantyh, C.T., Soll, A.H., Maggio, J.E., and Mantyh, P., 1989, Substance P receptors on canine chief cells: Localization, characterization, and function, J. Neurosci., 9: 2878.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Yamaguchi, I., Mori, J., Honda, F., Nishizaki, H., and Kumada, S., 1974, A histochemical approach to the cholinergic innervation of endocrine-like cells in dog antro-pyloric mucosa, Japan J. Pharmacol., 24: 721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar