Abstract
Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP) is a metabolic disorder characterized by deficient secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and consequent hypocalcemia. Although most cases are sporadic, familial occurrence of IHP has been reported as well, with no preference for age or sex. The rarity and heterogeneity of the disease gave rise to different classifications of the various forms of IHP. This is also the explanation given for the relative paucity of information on the mechanisms that underlie PTH deficiency. Autoimmune mechanisms have been suggested to be pathogenetically instrumental in IHP, even though the disease seems to be a very rare condition in comparison with other autoimmune endocrine failures. An autoimmune basis for IHP is supported by several clinical, histological, serological, and experimental observations: (1) IHP has been described in association with Addison’s disease, primary hypothyroidism, type I diabetes, malabsorption syndromes, primary hypogonadism, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, and alopecia. All these entities are believed to be of autoimmune origin or associated with autoimmune phenomena. The presence of two of the triad of Addison’s disease, hypoparathyroidism, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is recognized as an autosomal recessive trait, the type I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (Type I PGA).1 (2) Histological examination in IHP has shown atrophy of the parathyroid glands with lymphocytic infiltration.2 (3) Antiparathyroid antibodies occurred in 38% of pediatric patients with IHP using an indirect immunofluorescence assay.3 (4) Inoculation of homologous parathyroid tissue induced isoimmune hypoparathyroidism.4 (5) Antibodies directed against cell surface antigens inhibited PTH secretion in IHP.5
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Doniach, D., and Bottazzo, G. F., 1981, Polyendocrine autoimmunity, in: Clinical Immunology Update (E. C. Franklin, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 95.
Craig, J. M., Schiff, L. H., and Boone, J. E., 1955, Chronic moniliasis associated with Addison’s disease, Am. J. Dis. Child. 89:669–684.
Blizzard, R. M., Chee, D., and Davis, W., 1966, The incidence of parathyroid and other antibodies in the sera of patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1:119–128.
Lupulescu, A., Potorac, E., Pop, A., Heitmanck, S., Merculiev, E., Chisiu, N., Oprisan, R., and Neacsu, C., 1968, Experimental investigations on immunology of the parathyroid gland, Immunology 14:475–482.
Posillico, J. T., Wortsman, J., Srikanta, S., Eisenbarth, G. S., Mallette, L. E., and Brown, E. M., 1986, Parathyroid cell surface autoantibodies that inhibit parathyroid hormone secretion from dispersed human parathyroid cells, J. Bone Mineral Res. 1:475–483.
Brandi, M. L., Aurbach, D. G., Fattorossi, A., Fattorossi, A., Quarto, R., Marx, S. J., and Fitzpatrick, L. A., 1966, Antibodies cytotoxic to bovine parathyroid cells in autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8366–8369.
Irvine, W. J., and Scarth, L., 1969, Antibody to the oxyphil cells of the human parathyroid in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 4:505–510.
Betterle, C., Caretto, A., Zeviani, M., Pedini, B., and Salvianti, C., 1985, Demonstration and characterization of anti-human mitochondria autoantibodies in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and in other conditions, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 62:353–360.
Quarto, R., Brandi, M. L., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Fattorossi, A., and Aurbach, G. D., 1986, Antibodies to parathyroid cells in autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, in: Current Advances in Skeletogenesis (S. Hurwitz and J. Sela, eds.), Heiliger, Jerusalem, p. 230.
Sakaguchi, K., Santora, A., Zimering, M., Curcio, F., Aurbach, G. D., and Brandi, M. L., 1987, Functional epithelial cell line cloned from rat parathyroid glands, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:3269–3273.
Brandi, M. L., Ornberg, R. L., Sakaguchi, K., Curcio, F., Fattorossi, A., Lelkes, P.I., Matsui, T., Zimering, M., and Aurbach, G. D., 1990, Establishment and characterization of a clonal line of parathyroid endothelial cells, FASEB J. 4:3152–3158.
Brandi, M. L., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Coon, H. G., and Aurbach, G. D., 1986, Bovine parathyroid cells: Cultures maintained for more than 140 population doublings, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:1709–1713.
Banerjee, D. K., Ornberg, R. L., Youdim, M. B. H., Heldman, E., and Pollard, H. B., 1985, Endothelial cells from bovine adrenal medulla develop capillary-like growth patterns in culture, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4702–4706.
Voyta, J. C., Via, D. P., Butterfield, C. E., and Zetter, B. R., 1984, Identification and isolation of endothelial cells based on their increased uptake of acetylated-low density lipoprotein, J. Cell Biol. 99:2034–2042.
Fattorossi, A., Aurbach, G. D., Sakaguchi, K., Cama, A., Marx, S. J., Streeten, E. A., Fitzpatrick, L. A., and Brandi, M. L., 1988, Anti-endothelial cell antibodies: Detection and characterization in sera from patients with autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:4015–4019.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brandi, M.L., Fattorossi, A. (1992). Parathyroid Endothelium. In: Simionescu, N., Simionescu, M. (eds) Endothelial Cell Dysfunctions. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0721-9_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0721-9_31
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0723-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0721-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive