Abstract
The emergence of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s has highlighted the importance of sexual transmission in the spread of infections, as well as the lack of control programs for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in many parts of the world.1 Prior to AIDS, STDs were relatively neglected internationally. Since 1988, AIDS professionals have begun to think about possible connections between AIDS and other STDs, as they search for an explanation of the ravaging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in some parts of the world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Piot P, Laga M, Ryder R et al. The global epidemiology of HIV infection: continuity, heterogeneity and change. J AIDS 1990; 3: 403–12.
Mertens TE, Hayes RJ, Smith PG. Epidemiological methods to study the interaction between HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. AIDS 1990; 4: 57–65.
Kreiss JK, Coombs R, Plummer FA et al. Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus from genital ulcers in Nairobi prostitutes. J Infect Dis 1989; 160: 380–4.
Plummer FA, Wainberg MA, Plourde P et al. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in genital ulcer exudate of HIV-1-infected men by culture and gene amplification. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 810–1.
Krieger JN, Coombs R, Collier A et al. HIV recovery from semen: minimal impact of clinical stage of infection and minimal effect of semen analysis parameters. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. Th.C.102, San Francisco, June 20–24, 1990.
Van de Perre P, De Clercq A, Cogniaux-Leclerc J et al. Detection of IV p17 antigen in lymphocytes but not epithelial cells from cervicovaginal secretions of women seropositive for HIV: implications for heterosexual transmission of the virus. Genitourin Med 1988; 64: 30–3.
Wolff H, Anderson DJ. Male genital tract inflammation associated with increased number of potential human immunodeficiency virus host cells in semen. Androl 1988; 20: 404–10.
Mayer KH, Zierler S, Feingold L et al. Sexually transmitted diseases and genital tract inflammation among U.S. heterosexuals at increased risk for HIV infection. 30th ICAAC, Abstract No. 307, Atlanta, September 18–21, 1990.
Cameron DW, Lourdes JD, Gregory MM et al. Female to male transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: risk factors for seroconversion in men. Lancet 1989; 2: 403–7.
Darrow WW, Echenberg DF, Jaffe HW et al. Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men. Am J Public Health 1987; 77: 479–83.
Kingsley LA, Armstrong J, Rahman A et al. No association between herpes simplex virus type-2 seropositivity or anogenital lesions and HIV seroconversion among homosexual men. J AIDS 1990; 3: 773–9.
Holmberg SD, Stewart JA, Gerber AR et al. Prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for HIV infection. JAMA 1988; 259: 1048–50.
Laga M, Nzila N, Manoka AT et al. Non ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases (STD) as risk factors for HIV infection. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. Th.C.97, San Francisco, June 20–24, 1990.
Plummer FA, Cameron DW, Simonsen N et al. Co-factors in male-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 233–9.
Bulterys M, Chao A, Saah A et al. Risk factors for HIV-seropositive versus HIVseronegative European expatriates in Africa. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. ThC.576, San Francisco, June 20–24, 1990.
Carael M, Van de Perre PH, Lepage PH et al. Human immunodeficiency virus transmission among heterosexual couples in Central Africa. AIDS 1988; 2: 201–5.
De Vincenzi I, European Study Group. Risk factors for male to female transmission of HIV. Br Med J 1989; 298: 411–5.
Greenblatt RM, Lukehart SA, Plummer FA et al. Genital ulceration as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS 1988; 2: 47–50.
Hira SK, Kamanga J, Macuacua R et al. Genital ulcers and male circumcision as risk factors for acquiring HIV-1 in Zambia. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 584–5.
Hudson CP, Hennis AJ, Kaaha P. Risk factors for the spread of AIDS in rural Africa: evidence from a comparative seroepidemiological survey of AIDS, hepatitis B and syphilis in southwestern Uganda. AIDS 1988; 2: 255–60.
Latif AS, Katzenstein DA, Bassett MT. Genital ulcers and transmission of HIV among couples in Zimbabwe. AIDS 1989; 3: 519–23.
Nzila N, Kivuvu M, Manoka AT et al. HIV risk factors in steady male partners of Kinshasa prostitutes. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. Th.C.579, San Francisco, June 20–24, 1990.
Piot P, Van Dyck E, Ryder RW et al. Serum antibody to Haemophilus ducreyi as a risk factor for HIV in Africa, but not in Europe. Fifth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. M.A.O.32, Montreal, June 4–9, 1989.
Ryder R, Ndilu M, Hassig S et al. Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 among employees and their spouses at two large business in Zaire. AIDS 1990; 4: 725–32.
Simonsen JN, Cameron DW, Gakinya MN et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection among men with sexually transmitted diseases. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 274–8.
Simonsen JN, Plummer FA, Ngugi EN. HIV infection among lower socioeconomic strata prostitutes in Nairobi. AIDS 1990; 4: 139–44.
Stamm WE, Handsfield HH, Rompalo AM et al. The association between genital ulcer disease and acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men. JAMA 1988; 260: 1429–33.
Van de Perre P, Clumeck N, Steens M et al. Seroepidemiological study on sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis B in African promiscuous heterosexuals in relation to HTLV-III infection. Eur J Epidemiol 1987; 3: 14–8.
Goeman J, Meheus A, Piot P. L’epidemiologie des maladies sexuellement transmissibles dans les pays en développement à l’époque du SIDA. Ann Soc Belge Méd Trop 1991 (in press).
Chiphangwi J, Dallabetta G, Saah A et al. Risk factors for HIV-1 infection in pregnant women in Malawi. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. M.B.P.57, San Francisco, June 20–24, 1990.
Kiviat N, Rompalo A, Bowden R et al. Anal human papilloma virus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative men. J Infect Dis 1990; 314: 414–8.
Quinn TC, Glasser D, Cannon RO et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection among patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 197–204.
Malele B, Kivuvu M, Nzila N et al. Genital ulcer disease (GUD) among HIV (+) and HIV (-) prostitutes in Kinshasa: prevalence, incidence and etiology. Fifth International Conference on AIDS in Africa, Abstract No. F.O.A.4., Kinshasa, Zaire, October 10–12, 1990.
MacDonald KS, Cameron W, D’Costa LJ et al. Evaluation of fleroxacin (RO 23–6240) as single-oral-dose therapy of culture-proven chancroid in Nairobi, Kenya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33: 612–4.
Latif AS. Epidemiology and control of chancroid. Eighth ISSTDR, Abstract No. 66, Copenhagen, 1989.
Gold D, Corey L. Acyclovir prophylaxis for herpes simplex virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987; 31: 361–7.
Thin RN. Management of genital herpes simplex infections. Am J Med 1988; 85: 3–6.
Conant MA. Prophylactic and suppressive treatment with acyclovir and the management of herpes in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 18: 186–8.
Siegal FP, Lopez C, Hammer GS et al. Severe acquired immunodeficiency in male homosexuals, manifested by chronic perianal ulcerative herpes simplex lesions. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 1439–44.
Corey L, Genital herpes. In: Holmes KK, Mârdh P-A, Sparling PF et al. eds. Sexually transmitted diseases, second edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990: 391–413.
Lukehart SA, Hook EW, Baker-Zander SA et al. Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 855–62.
Matlow AG, Rachlis AR. Syphilis serology in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis: case report and review. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12: 703–7.
Terry PM, Page ML, Golmeier D. Are serological tests of value in diagnosing and monitoring response to treatment of syphilis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus? Genitourin Med 1988; 64: 219–22.
Radolf JD, Kaplan RP. Unusual manifestations of secondary syphilis and abnormal humoral immune response to Treponema pallidum antigens in a homosexual man with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Denn 1988; 18: 423–8.
Cusini M, Zerboni R, Muratori S et al. Atypical early syphilis in an HIV-infected homosexual male. Dermatologica 1988; 177: 300–4.
Musher D, Hamille RJ, Baughn RE. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the course of syphilis and on the response to treatment. Ann Int Med 1990; 113: 872–81.
Haas JS, Bolan G, Larsen S et al. Sensitivity of treponemal tests for detecting prior treated syphilis during human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 862–6.
Manoka AT, Laga M, Kivuvu M et al. Syphilis among HIV-positive and HIV-negative prostitutes in Kinshasa: prevalence and serologic response to treatment. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. S.B.27, San Francisco, June 20–24, 1990.
Thomas G, Geraci A, Lavigne J et al. Recurrent anogenital warts and HIV status. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, Abstract No. Th.B.362, San Francisco, June 20–24, 1990.
Byrne MA, Taylor-Robinson D, Munday PE et al. The common occurrence of human papilloma virus infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected by HIV. AIDS 1989; 3: 379–82.
Milbum PB, Brandsma JL, Goldsman CI et al. Disseminated warts and evolving squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Amer Acad Dermatol 1988; 19: 401–5.
Palefsky J, Gonzales J, Greenblatt RM et al. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal papilloma virus infection among homosexual males with group IV HIV disease. JAMA 1990; 263: 2911–6.
Feingold AR, Vermund SH, Burk RD et al. Cervical cytologic abnormalities and papilloma virus in women infected with HIV. J AIDS 1990; 3: 896–903.
Parkin DM, Loara E, Muir CS. Estimates of the world wide frequency of sixteen major cancers in 1980. Int J Cancer 1988; 41: 184–97.
Plummer FA. Personnel communications.
WHO/GPA/INF/90.2 doc. Consensus statement from the consultation on global strategies for coordination of AIDS and STD control programs, Geneva, 1990.
Piot P, Laga M. Current approaches to STD control in developing countries. In: Wasserheit J, ed. Behavioral interventions for the control and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1991 (in press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laga, M. (1992). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Prevention: The Need for Complementary STD Control. In: Germain, A., Holmes, K.K., Piot, P., Wasserheit, J.N. (eds) Reproductive Tract Infections. Reproductive Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0691-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0691-5_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0693-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0691-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive