A Simple Model of the Universe without Singularities

Abstract

For a long time the “standard” model of the universe [1] was popular among physicists. However, this model presents certain difficulties, such as the flatness problem, the homogeneity and isotropy problem, and the horizon (or causality) problem [2]. To overcome them the standard model has been modified by the addition of inflationary scenarios, generally based on theories the validity of which has not yet been established [2,3]. However, even with these modifications one difficulty remains, the initial singularity, or big bang, of the standard model. It is hoped that the introduction of the quantum theory to describe the early behavior of the universe will remove this singularity, but so far no satisfactory way of doing this has been found.