Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Symptomatology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  • Chapter
Giardia and Giardiasis

Abstract

The specific pathogenic mechanisms of Giardia lamblia are not yet understood. It also remains to be explained why some individuals become acutely ill and remain so while others remain virtually asymptomatic. In discussing clinical features of giardiasis, it should be emphasized that those infected present a spectrum of symptomatology depending to a great extent on the duration of infection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ament, M. E., 1972, Diagnosis and treatment of giardiasis, J. Pediatr. 80:633–637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbieri, D., DeBrito, T., Hoshino, O., Nascimento, O. B., Martins-Campos, J. V., Quarentei, G., and Marcondes, E., 1970, Giardiasis in childhood, Arch. Dis. Child. 45:466–472.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bassily, S., Farid, A., Mikhail, J. W., Kent, D. C, and Lehman, J. S., 1970, The treatment of Giardia lamblia infection with mepacrine, metronidazole and furazolidone, J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73:15–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beal, C. B., Viens, P., Grant, R. G. L., and Hughes, J. M., 1970, A new technique for sampling duodenal contents: Demonstration of upper small bowel pathogens, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 19:349–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bezjak, B., 1972, Evaluation of a new technique for sampling duodenal contents in parasitologic diagnosis, Am. J. Dig. Dis. 17:848–850.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, R. E., Dykes, A. C., Sinclair, M. S., and Wells, J. G., 1977, Giardiasis in day care centers: Evidence of person-to-person transmission, Pediatrics 60:486–491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandborg, L. L., Tankersley, C. B., Gottlieb, S., Barancik, M., and Sartor, V. E., 1967, Histological demonstration of mucosal invasion by Giardia lamblia in man, Gastroen-terology 52:143–150.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodsky, R. E., Spencer, H. C, and Schultz, M. 1974, Giardiasis in American travelers to the Soviet Union, J. Infect. Dis. 130:319–323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craft, J. C, Murphy, T., and Nelson, J. D., 1981, Furazolidone and quinacrine: Comparative study of therapy for giardiasis in children, Am. J. Dis. Child. 135:164–166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craft, J. C, and Nelson, J. D., 1982, Diagnosis of giardiasis by counterimmunelectrophoresis of feces, J. Infect. Dis. 145:499–504.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Danciger, M., and Lopez, M., 1975, Numbers of Giardia in the feces of infected children, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 24:237–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dykes, A. C, Juranek, D. D., Lorenz, R. A., Sinclair, S., Jakubowski, W., and Davies, R., 1980, Municipal waterborne giardiasis: An epidemiologic investigation. Beavers implicated as a possible reservoir, Ann. Intern. Med. 92:165–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finegold, S. M., 1980, Metronidazole, Ann. Intern. Med. 93:585–587.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, P., 1980, Metronidazole: Proven benefits and potential risks, Johns Hopkins Med. J. 147:1–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, R. K., and Mehta, S., 1973, Giardiasis in children: A study of pancreatic functions, Indian J. Med. Res. 61:743–748.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartong, W. A., Gourley, W. K., and Arvanitakis, C., 1979, Giardiasis: Clinical spectrum and functional-structural abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa, Gastroenterology 77:61–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins, L. C, Winawer, S. J., Broitman, S. A., Gottlieb, L. S., and Zamcheck, N., 1967, Clinical giardiasis and intestinal malabsorption, Gastroenterology 53:265–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugenot, R., Delons, S., and Fulcrand, G., 1960, Traitement de l’ambiase intestinale par un antibiotique non resorbable le sulfate de paromomycine, Presse Med. 68:439–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iyngkaran, N., Lee, E. L., and Robinson, M. J., 1978, Single dose treatment with Tiberal of Giardia lamblia infection in children, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 10:243–246.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jokipii, A. M. M., and Jokipii, L., 1977, Prepatency of giardiasis, Lancet 1:1095–1097.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jokipii, A. M. M., and Jokipii, A. M. M., 1978, Comparison of four dosage schedules in treatment of giardiasis with metronidazole, Infection 6:92–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jokipii, L., and Jokipii, A. M. M., 1979, Single dose metronidazole and tinidazole as therapy for giardiasis: Success rates, side effects, and drug absorption and elimination, J. Infect. Dis. 140:984–988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamath, K. R., and Murugasu, R., 1974, A comparative study of four methods of detecting Giardia lamblia in children with diarrheal disease and malabsorption, Gastroenterology 66:16–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kavousi, S., 1979, Giardiasis in infancy and childhood: A prospective study of 160 cases with comparison of quinacrine (Atabrine) and metronidazole (Flagyl), Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 28:19–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keystone, J. S., Krajden, S., and Warren, M. R., 1978, Person-to-person transmission of Giardia lamblia in day-care nurseries, Can. Med. Assoc.J. 119:241–248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosyarska, J. 1977, Lambliasis as a cause of acute pancreatitis, Wiad. Lek. 30:875–877.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutner, A. K., DelBene, V. E., and Amstey, M. S., 1981, Giardiasis in pregnancy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 140:895–899.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, S. J., and Walker, R. A., 1982, Treatment of giardiasis: Literature review and recommendations, Clin. Pediatr. 7:409–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levi, G. C, de Avila, C. A., and Neto, V. A., 1977, Efficacy of various drugs for treatment of giardiasis: A comparative study, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26:564–565.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, C. E., Dykes, A. C, Juranek, D. D., Sinclair, S. P., Conn, J. M., Christie, R. W., Lippy, E. C, Schultz, M. G., and Mires, M. H., 1980, Waterborne giardiasis: A communitywide outbreak of disease and a high rate of asymptomatic infection, Am. J. Epidemiol. 112:495–507.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Cifra, H., Javier, M., Rodriquez, S. V., and Santos Ocampo, P. D., 1982, The efficacy of metronidazole in giardiasis, Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 13:432–434.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madanagopalan, N., Rao, V. P., Somasundaram, A., and Lakshmipathi, T., 1975, A correlative study of duodenal aspirates and feces examination in giardiasis, before and after treatment with metronidazole, Curr. Med. Res. Opinion 3:99–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshak, R. H., and Lindner, A. E., 1976, Radiology of the Small Intestine, 2nd ed., pp. 123–124, Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, G. T., Cross, W. M., McGuire, D., Mollohan, C. S., Gleason, M. S., Healy, G. R., and Newton, L. H., 1969, Epidemic giardiasis at a ski resort, N. Engl. J. Med. 281:402–407.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, T. V., and Nelson, J. D., 1983, Five vs ten days’ therapy with furazolidone for giardiasis, Am. J. Dis. Child. 137:267–270.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naik, S. R., Rau, N. R., and Vinayak, V. K., 1978, A comparative evaluation of examination of three stool samples, jejunal aspirate and jejunal mucosal impression smears in the diagnosis of giardiasis, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 72:491–492.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palomino, H., Perez, C., Donckaster, R., Sapunar, J., Gabor, M., Atias, A., Parodi, V., and Narbona, L. 1970. Ensayo terapeutico con cinco medicamentos en lambliasis, Bol. Chil. Parasitol. 25:52–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, E. E., 1956, Giardiasis, Ir. J. Med. Sci. 34:509–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rendtorff, R. C, 1954, The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites. II. Giardia lamblia given in capsules, Am. J. Hyg. 59:209–220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, P., and Liebman, W. M., 1980, Comparative study of stool examinations, duodenal aspiration, and pediatric Entero-Test for giardiasis in children, J. Pediatr. 96:278–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salchareon, A., Chongsuphajaisiddhi, and Attanath, P., 1980, Treatment of giardiasis in children with quinacrine, metronidazole, tinidazole, and ornidazole, Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Hlth. 11:280–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, P. K., Brodsky, R. E., Lyman, D. O., Wood, B. T., Hibler, C. P., Healy, G. R., MacLeod, K. I. E., Stahl, W., and Schultz, M. G., 1977, A community-wide outbreak of giardiasis with evidence of transmission by a municipal water supply, Ann. Intern. Med. 87:426–432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. D., Gillin, F. D., Brown, W. R., and Nash, T. E., 1981, IgG antibody to Giardia lamblia detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Gastroenterology 80:1476–1480.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soto, J. M., and Dreiling, D. A., 1977, Giardia lamblia: A case presentation of chronic cholecystitis and duodenitis, Am. J. Gastroenterol. 67:265–269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visvesvara, G. S., Smith, P. D., Healy, G. R., and Brown, W. R., 1980, An immunofluo-rescence test to detect serum antibodies to Giardia lamblia, Ann. Intern. Med. 93:802–805.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walzer, P. D., Wolfe, M. S., and Schultz, M. G., 1971, Giardiasis in Russia, J. Infect. Dis. 124:235–237.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, M. S., 1975, Giardiasis, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 233:1362–1365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, M. S., 1979, Giardiasis, Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 26:295–303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S. G., Tomkins, A. M., and Ridley, D. S., 1977, Giardiasis: Clinical and therapeutic aspects, Gut 18:343–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, George Washington Medical School and Georgetown Medical School, Washington, D.C., 20520, USA

    Martin S. Wolfe

  2. Department of State, Office of Medical Services, Washington, D.C., 20520, USA

    Martin S. Wolfe

Authors
  1. Martin S. Wolfe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA

    Stanley L. Erlandsen

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA

    Ernest A. Meyer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wolfe, M.S. (1984). Symptomatology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. In: Erlandsen, S.L., Meyer, E.A. (eds) Giardia and Giardiasis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0594-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0594-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0596-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0594-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation