Abstract
The study of between-group differences has a long history. In the search for explanations of behavioral differences, the emphasis has been on aggregates rather than on individuals. The focus has been on what is special about one group as compared to another, rather than on change and continuity over time within groups. Typically, the groups differ in that one represents a normative and the other a nonnormative condition. The nonnormative condition is usually one that may be characterized as “different” and/or “deficient” vis-à-vis the comparison group.
The research reported in this chapter was supported by a grant from the Bureau of Education of the Handicapped (now Office of Special Education, U.S. Department of Education).
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Brooks-Gunn, J. (1985). Dyadic Interchanges in Families with At-Risk Children. In: Frankenburg, W.K., Emde, R.N., Sullivan, J.W. (eds) Early Identification of Children at Risk. Topics in Developmental Psychobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0536-9_6
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