Abstract
It is not difficult to designate high-risk groups for infants and young children likely to have emotional and social problems in their development. Such groups can be designated according to (a) handicapping and health factors in the child (e. g., prematurity, major sensory motoric deficits, malformations, disfigurements, and multiple hospitalizations); (b) handicapping and health factors in the parent (e. g., major mental illness, such as severe depression, sociopathy, or schizophrenia); and (c) general social and economic factors (e. g., low socioeconomic status, but also including factors such as infants and young children with teenage parents, single parents, and parents with poor marital adjustment) (see Markman & Jones Leonard, Chapter 4). When one is planning intervention, however, designating high-risk groups is an inefficient way of screening. As Frankenburg points out in this volume, there are too many individuals in high-risk groups who do not require intervention— that is, who are not disordered and who are not in the process of becoming disordered. The problem for screening, therefore, is the early identification of those individuals (including those within high-risk groups) who are needing of intervention.
Preparation of this paper was facilitated by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (project grant 22803) and Research Scientist Award MH 36808 to Dr. Emde, and from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation grant to the Network on the Transition from Infancy to Early Childhood.
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Emde, R.N., Easterbrooks, M.A. (1985). Assessing Emotional Availability in Early Development. In: Frankenburg, W.K., Emde, R.N., Sullivan, J.W. (eds) Early Identification of Children at Risk. Topics in Developmental Psychobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0536-9_5
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