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Neuroanatomical Plasticity

Its Role in Organizing and Reorganizing the Central Nervous System

  • Chapter
Postnatal Growth Neurobiology

Abstract

“Plasticity” is a necessary concept for any theory of brain function. The most complex products of the brain, the ongoing cognitive behaviors of the individual, are remarkable for their flexibility and their capacity for reorganization in the face of changing circumstances. Since behavior is characterized by its adaptability, it follows that the neural machinery that creates it must possess analogous features. But what, in neurobiological terms, is the property of the brain that gives it this plasticity? Suggested answers to this question have come from all the branches of the neurosciences. The idea most commonly advanced is that changes in the effectiveness of synaptic transmission are responsible for phenomena such as learning and memory. Physiological research, much of it quite recent, has shown that lasting changes can be created in monosynaptic systems by very brief trains of repetitive stimulation (Bliss and Lomo, 1973; Dunwiddie and Lynch, 1978). Neurochemical studies have indicated that some of the subcellular systems related to the transmitter and its actions are modifiable (Baudry and Lynch, 1980; Lynch et al., 1982), and this certainly provides a means through which modification in the operation of neural circuits could be achieved. This chapter deals with still another mechanism by which the brain might gain its flexibility, specifically, that it is capable of modifying its very structure. This idea, which is quite old, has become the subject of intense interest in recent years, as newer methods (and the increased use of some more traditional procedures) have allowed anatomists to develop a clearer picture of the fine structure of neural tissue. Studies in the last decade indicate that the microanatomy of the neuron, as well as its dendritic ramifications and axonal arborization can be greatly modified and that under some circumstances the brain is capable of generating entirely new circuitry.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, California College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717, USA

    Christine Gall

  2. Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717, USA

    Gwen Ivy & Gary Lynch

Authors
  1. Christine Gall
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  2. Gwen Ivy
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  3. Gary Lynch
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

    Frank Falkner

  2. School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Frank Falkner

  3. Department of Growth and Development, Institute of Child Health, University of London, WC1N 1EH, London, England

    James M. Tanner

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© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Gall, C., Ivy, G., Lynch, G. (1986). Neuroanatomical Plasticity. In: Falkner, F., Tanner, J.M. (eds) Postnatal Growth Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0522-2_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0522-2_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0524-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0522-2

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