Advertisement

Helium as a Quantum Fluid

  • Steven W. Van Sciver
Chapter
Part of the The International Cryogenics Monograph Series book series (ICMS)

Abstract

Some of the quantum mechanical aspects of gaseous and liquid helium have been introduced in Chapter 3 as deviations from the classical models. In particular, it was shown that the equation of state and transport models can be treated in terms of quantum mechanical scattering theory. These are not the most dramatic quantum features of helium. In fact, liquid helium below T λ = 2.172 K at saturated vapor pressure behaves in such a way that its physical properties can be understood only by using a fully quantum mechanical model with a sizable fraction of the particles in the “condensed” ground state. This condensed state is envisioned to have a number of unique characteristics including zero entropy and viscosity.

Keywords

Heat Transport Liquid Helium Critical Velocity Vortex Line Critical Heat Flux 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    L D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics, Wiley, New York, 1963.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    F. London, Superfluids, Vol. II, Dover Publications, New York, 1954.zbMATHGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    K. R. Atkins, Liquid Helium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1959.zbMATHGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    J. Wilks, Liquid and Solid Helium, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1967.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    W. E. Keller, Helium-3 and Helium-4, Plenum Press, New York, 1969.Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    R. D. McCarthy, The Thermodynamic Properties of He Ji from 0 K to the Lambda Transitions, NBS Technical Note 1029, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    V. Peshkov, Determination of the Velocity of Propagation of the Second Sound in He II, J. Phys. (USSR) 10, 389 (1946).Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    J. S. Brooks and R. J. Donnelly, The Calculated Thermodynamic Properties of Superfluid Helium-4, J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data 6, 51 (1977).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    E. L. Andronikashvili, Zh. Esksp. Theor. Fiz. 16, 780 (1946)Google Scholar
  11. E. L. Andronikashvili, Zh. Esksp. Theor. Fiz. 18, 424 (1948).Google Scholar
  12. 11.
    D. V. Osborne, The Rotation of Liquid Helium II, Proc. Phys. Soc. A63, 909 (1950).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 12.
    G. A. Williams and R. E. Packard, Photographs of Quantized Vortex Lines in Rotating He II, Phys. Rev. Leu. 33, 280 (1974)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. E. A. Yarmchuk and R. E. Packard, Photographic Studies of Quantized Vortex Lines, J. Low Temp. Phys. 46, 479 (1982).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 13.
    R. P. Feynmann, Application of Quantum Mechanics to Liquid Helium, In: Progress in Low Temperature Physics, C. J. Gorter (Ed.), Vol. I, p. 17, North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, 1955.Google Scholar
  16. 14.
    C. J. Gorter and J. H. Mellink, On the Irreversible Processes in Liquid Helium II, Physica XV, 285 (1949).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 15.
    W. F. Vinen, Theory of the Mutual Friction, Proc. R. Soc. (London) A242, 493 (1957).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 16.
    K. W. Schwarz, Turbulence in Superfluid Helium: Steady Homogeneous Counterflow, Phys. Rev. 18, 245 (1978).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 17.
    V. Arp, Heat Transport through Helium II, Cryogenics 10, 96 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 18.
    W. F. Vinen, Experiments on Steady Heat Currents, Proc. R. Soc. London A240, 114 (1957).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 19.
    S. W. Van Sciver, Kapitza Conductance of Aluminium and Heat Transport Through Sub-cooled He II, Cryogenics 18, 521 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 20.
    D. F. Brewer and D. O. Edwards, Heat Conduction by Liquid Helium II in Capillary Tubes. III. Mutual Friction, Philos. Mag. 7, 721 (1962).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 21.
    J. T. Tough, Superfluid Turbulence, In: Progress in Low Temperature Physics, D. F. Brewer (Ed.), Vol. VIII, Chap. 3, North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam, 1982.Google Scholar
  24. 22.
    W. F. Vinen, Critical Heat Currents in Wide Channels, Proc. R. Soc. London A243, 400 (1957).Google Scholar
  25. 23.
    W. F. Vinen, Experiments on Transient Effects, Proc. R. Soc. London A240, 128 (1957).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 24.
    C. E. Chase, Thermal Conduction in Liquid Helium II. I. Temperature Dependence Effects of Channel Geometry, Phys. Rev. 127, 361 (1962)ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. C. E. Chase, Thermal Conduction in Liquid Helium II. Phys. Rev. 131, 1898 (1963).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 25.
    P. E. Dinotakis and J. E. Broadwell, Local Temperature Measurements in Supercritical Counterflow in Liquid Helium II, Phys. Fluids 16, 1787 (1973).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1986

Authors and Affiliations

  • Steven W. Van Sciver
    • 1
  1. 1.University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUSA

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options