Skip to main content

Synthesis De Novo of Choline, Production of Choline from Phospholipids, and Effects of CDP-Choline on Nerve Cell Survival

  • Conference paper
Book cover Phospholipid Research and the Nervous System

Part of the book series: FIDIA Research Series ((FIDIA,volume 4))

Abstract

The repair of nerve cell membranes may overcome or, at least, alleviate neurological damage and diseases. The mechanisms responsible for such a repair are not known but they appear to be mediated by some components present in the plasma membrane of nerve cells. Much experimental data suggest that glycolipids, especially of the ganglio series present in large amount in neuronal membranes, may mediate one of the steps implicated in the repair and regeneration of nerve cells (De Felice and Ellenberg, 1984). Among other components of plasma membranes the fundamental “bricks” of all animal cell membranes are the phospholipids. Their function has been considered for a long time to be purely structural and this concept has often assumed the idea of passivity. It was customary, until recently, to think of phospholipids simply as a wall of constraint for the cytoplasmic content of the cells and as a useful support for proteins floating in a hydrophobic bilayer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ansell GB and Spanner S (1975) The origin and metabolism of brain choline. In: Waser PG, (ed): Cholinergic mechanisms, Raven Press, New York, pp. 117–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bazan NG (1970) Effects of ischemia and electroconvulsive shock on free fatty acid pool in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 218: 1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blusztajn JK, Holbrook PG, Lakher M, Liscovitch M, Marie J-C, Mauron C, Richardson UI, Tacconi M, Wurtman RJ (1986) Relationships between acetylcholine release and membrane phosphatidylcholine turnover in brain and in cultured cholinergic neurons, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boismare F, Saligaut C, Moore N, Chretien P and Daoust M (1985) Effect of CDP choline on brain hypoxia: are dopaminergic receptors involved? In: Zappia V, Kennedy EP, Nilsson BI, Galletti P (eds): Novel Biochemical, Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Cytidinediphosphocholine, Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc, New York, pp. 195–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohadon F, Rigoulet M, Guerin B and Vandendriessche M (1979) Oedème cérébral vasogénique. Alterations des ATPases membranaires. Restauration par un précurseur des phospholipides. Nouv Presse Med 8: 1589–1591.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohadon F, Richer E and Poletto B (1982) Etude d’un précurseur des phospholipides dans le traitement des comas traumatiques. Neurochirurgie 28: 287–291.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dainous F, Freysz L, Mozzi R, Dreyfus H, Louis JC, Porcellati G and Massarelli R (1982) Synthesis of choline phospholipids in neuronal and glial cell cultures by the methylation pathway. FEBS Letters 146: 221–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeFelice SL and Ellenberg M (1984) Gangliosides-Clinical overview. In: Ledeen RW, Yu RK, Rapport MM, Suzuki K (eds): Gangliosides structure, function, and clinical potential. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 625–628.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dominski J, Binaglia L, Dreyfus H, Massarelli R, Mersel M and Freysz L (1983) A study on the topological distribution of phospholipids in microsomal membranes of chick brain using phospholipase C and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta 734: 257–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dross K and Kewitz H (1972) Concentration and origin of choline in the rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol 274, 91–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine RN, Harris RA and Schroeder F (1980) Aminophospholipid asymmetry in murine synaptosomal plasma membrane. J Neurochem 34: 269–277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freysz L, Golly F, Mykita S, Avola R, Dreyfus H and Massarelli R (1985) Metabolism of neuronal cell cultures: modifications induced by CDP-choline. In: Zappia V, Kennedy EP, Nilsson BI, Galletti P (eds): Novel Biochemical, Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Cytidinediphosphocholine, Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc, New York, pp. 117–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giuffrida AM, Alberghina M, Serra I and Viola M (1985) Biochemical changes of lipid, nucleic acid and protein metabolism in brain regions during hypoxia: effect of CDP-choline. In: Zappia V, Kennedy EP, Nilsson BI. Galletti P (eds) Novel Biochemical, Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Cytidinediphosphocoline, Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc, New York, pp. 217–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hattori H and Kanfer JN (1984) Synaptosomal phospholipase D: potential role in providing choline for acetylcholine synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 124: 945–949.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawthorne JN and Azila N (1982) Phosphatidylinositol and calcium gating: some difficulties. In: Horrocks LA, Ansell GB and Porcellati G (eds): Phospholipids in the Nervous System, vol. 1, Raven Press, New York, pp. 265–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horrocks LA and Dorman RV (1985) Prevention by CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine of lipid changes during brain ischemia. In: Zappia V, Kennedy EP, Nilsson BI, Galletti P (eds): Novel Biochemical, Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Cytidinediphosphocholine, Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc, New York, pp. 205–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kewitz H and Pleul O (1981) Synthesis of choline in the brain. In: Pepeu G, Ladinsky H (eds): Cholinergic Mechanisms, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 405–413

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Louis JC, Dreyfus H, Wong TY, Vincendon G and Massarelli R (1983) Uptake, transport and metabolism of neurotransmitters in pure neuronal cultures. In: Caputto R, Marsan CA (eds): Neuronal Transmission, Learning and Memory, Raven Press, New York, pp. 49–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchbanks RM and Israel M (1971) Aspects of acetylcholine metabolism in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. J Neurochem 18: 439–448.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massarelli AC, Dainous F, Hoffmann D, Mykita S, Freysz L, Dreyfus H and Massarelli R (1986) Uptake of ethanolamine in neuronal and glial cell cultures. Neurochem Res 11: 29–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore JP, Johannsson A, Hesketh TR, Smith GA and Metcalfe JC (1984) Calcium signals and phospholipid methylation in eukaryotic cells. Biochem J 221: 675–684.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mozzi R, Goracci G, Siepi D, Francescangeli E, Andreoli V, Horrocks LA and Porcellati G (1982) Phospholipid synthesis by inter conversion reactions in brain tissue. In: Horrocks LA, Ansell GB and Porcellati G (eds): Phospholipids in the Nervous System, vol. 1, Raven Press, New York, pp. 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mykita S, Golly F, Dreyfus H, Freysz L and Massarelli R (1986) Effect of CDP Choline on hypocapnic Neurons in culture. J Neurochem, in press

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Dea RF, Viveros OM and Diliberto EJ (1981) Protein carboxymethylation: role in the regulation of cell functions. Biochem Pharmacol 30: 1163–1168.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith AP and Loh HM (1976) The topological distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in synaptosomal plasma membrane. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 19: 147–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rooijen LAA, Fisher SK and Agranoff BW (1985) Biochemical aspects of stimulated turnover of inositol lipids in the nervous system. In: Horrocks LA, Kanfer JN, Porcellati G (eds): Phospholipids in the Nervous System, vol. 2, Raven Press, New York, pp. 31–38.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Massarelli, R. et al. (1986). Synthesis De Novo of Choline, Production of Choline from Phospholipids, and Effects of CDP-Choline on Nerve Cell Survival. In: Horrocks, L.A., Freysz, L., Toffano, G. (eds) Phospholipid Research and the Nervous System. FIDIA Research Series, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0490-4_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0490-4_27

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0492-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0490-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics