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Neutron Scattering from Macromolecules in Solution

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Book cover Polymers in Solution

Abstract

Neutron scattering spectroscopy1–4 differs from scattering of electromagnetic radiation (light or x-rays) in two major ways. The relatively larger neutron mass, which associates a sizeable momentum transfer with a scattering event, totally changes the relationship between energy and wave vector. This property, which means, for example, that neutrons have very much smaller energies than x-rays of the corresponding wavelength, allows exploration of a unique region of the spatial and time domains. It is, however, doubtful whether this property would have led, alone, to the widespread use by polymer scientists of neutron spectrometers, confined as these are to a few reactor centers scattered worldwide, if it were not for the second property—the neutron-nuclear interaction. Since the neutron is uncharged it interacts with the nucleus via nuclear forces. It carries a magnetic moment which can also interact with the nucleus and with the unpaired electrons in a molecule. This magnetic scattering is relatively weak and does not concern us when dealing with polymer solutions. The nuclear interaction is strong, but very short range, and thermal neutrons have wavelengths very much larger than nuclear dimensions. For an isolated stationary nucleus, scattering is, therefore, spherically symmetrical and energy independent and can be characterized by a single parameter, the scattering length b. Values of b vary randomly from nucleus to nucleus, from isotope to isotope, and even with the spin state of the scattering nucleus. In particular, the values for 1H and 2D are of opposite signs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BY, UK

    Julia S. Higgins & Ann Maconnachie

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  1. Julia S. Higgins
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  2. Ann Maconnachie
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  1. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    William C. Forsman

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Higgins, J.S., Maconnachie, A. (1986). Neutron Scattering from Macromolecules in Solution. In: Forsman, W.C. (eds) Polymers in Solution. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0465-2_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0465-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0467-6

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