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Relaxation Phenomena for Chemists

  • Chapter
Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Inorganic Chemistry

Part of the book series: Modern Inorganic Chemistry ((MICE,volume 1))

Abstract

The term “relaxation,” as employed here, is used to indicate that time-dependent effects are occurring in the system under study. The system is said to be “relaxing” among its various accessible states. The term “relaxation” is a minomer here since in conventional parlance it implies that the resulting state is less tense or rigid. This is a concept that has little meaning in our context, since we will not be discussing systems that are prepared in a nonequilibrium excited state and allowed to evolve by losing energy to reach thermal equilibrium. A more specific description of the phenomena we will discuss can be given as follows. Radiating or absorbing systems often experience time-dependent interactions with their environment, and as a consequence of these external time-dependent interactions the systems will evolve in time through the states determined by the system Hamiltonian. This time evolution in which the system goes from one state to another available and accessible state, following a random “path”, is often termed relaxation. We will be interested in situations in which the external time-dependent interactions can be modeled such that the system moves randomly (or stochastically) through its accessible states. Since the radiating (or absorbing) system experiences time-dependent interactions with its environment, the resulting emission (or absorption) spectra will be different for different relaxation conditions and also from that observed in the time-independent case. It is these spectral changes and their relation to various relaxation processes and physical parameters, as observed using Mössbauer spectroscopy, that will be the subject of this chapter.

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  1. Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508, USA

    Gilbert R. Hoy

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, 65401, Rolla, Missouri, USA

    Gary J. Long

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Hoy, G.R. (1984). Relaxation Phenomena for Chemists. In: Long, G.J. (eds) Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Inorganic Chemistry. Modern Inorganic Chemistry, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0462-1_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0462-1_8

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