Abstract
There is no doubt that Dutch and American cultures and political institutions are very different. However, in the field of urban renewal, there have been many important similarities—both procedural and historical. Planning in both countries is conducted essentially at the local level by bureaucrats and members of popularly elected city councils. Physical plans are broadly influenced by policies adopted at the state (provincial) and national levels; regional and national authorities oversee (and in many cases must approve) planning decisions made by municipalities. Finally, most of the money that finances urban renewal stems from the central government and private developers (both profit and nonprofit).
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© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Draisen, M. (1983). Fostering Effective Citizen Participation. In: Paternalism, Conflict, and Coproduction. Environment, Development, and Public Policy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0360-0_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0360-0_10
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