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Origins of Infant Intelligence Testing

  • Chapter
Origins of Intelligence

Abstract

Infant intelligence tests, like all other psychological tests, have their roots in the intelligence testing movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Infancy was never the focus of the early test developers and was studied only because idiots, the lowest classification of the mentally retarded, were thought to exhibit the mental abilities of a 2-year-old (Binet and Simon, 1905a,b). However, infants were not entirely neglected, since the child study movement led by Darwin and Preyer increased interest in the early development of the species. As the testing movement gained momentum and branched out into more areas in the 1920s, intensive studies of infants and preschoolers were initiated, leading to the development of normative scales and intelligence tests. These tests of the 1920s and 1930s were rapidly accepted and were used to investigate stability, reliability, and predictive validity from infancy to childhood. Two other waves of tests were developed, in the 1960s and in the 1970s, with the focus of the 1970s tests being somewhat different from those preceding them.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Educational Testing Service, Institute for the Study of Exceptional Children , 08541, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

    Jeanne Brooks-Gunn

  2. Department of Psychology, Temple University, 19122, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Marsha Weinraub

Authors
  1. Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
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  2. Marsha Weinraub
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Michael Lewis

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© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Brooks-Gunn, J., Weinraub, M. (1983). Origins of Infant Intelligence Testing. In: Lewis, M. (eds) Origins of Intelligence. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0322-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0322-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0324-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0322-8

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