Abstract
Cysteine catabolism in mammalian liver can occur by both cysteine sulfinate-dependent and cysteine sulfinate-independent pathways. Both pathways lead to the production of pyruvate and sulfate, but only the cysteine sulfinate-dependent pathway leads to taurine production. Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO; EC 1.13.11.20) catalyzes the first reaction in the cysteine sulfinate-dependent catabolic pathway, by which cysteine is oxidized to cysteine sulfinate. Cysteine sulfinate has two possible catabolic fates. It can be transaminated by aspartate aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1) which ultimately yields pyruvate and sulfate, or it can be decarboxylated by cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD; EC 4.1.1.29) to hypotaurine. Hypotaurine is then presumably non-enzymatically oxidized to taurine. Both taurine and sulfate are important metabolites required by the body for essential functions as well as being end-products of cysteine catabolism that are excreted in the urine.
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Bella, D.L., Stipanuk, M.H. (1996). High Levels of Dietary Protein or Methionine have Different Effects on Cysteine Metabolism in Rat Hepatocytes. In: Huxtable, R.J., Azuma, J., Kuriyama, K., Nakagawa, M., Baba, A. (eds) Taurine 2. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 403. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0182-8_9
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