Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor

Gene Structure and Tissue-Specific Regulation
  • Takao Shimizu
  • Hiroyuki Mutoh
  • Shigeaki Kato
Chapter
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 416)

Abstract

The human platelet-activating factor receptor gene exists as a single copy on chromosome 1. Two 5′-noncoding exons (Exon 1 and 2) has distinct transcription initiation sites and promoters. These exons are alternatively spliced to a common splice acceptor site on exon 3 that contains a total coding regions. The transcript 1 is expressed ubiquitously with an emphasis of differentiated eosinophilic cell line (Eol-1), and leukocytes. On the other hand, the transcript 2 is expressed tissue-specifically. The latter is not expressed in leukocytes or brain. The transcript 1 has three tandem repeats of NF-κB, and SP-1 site, and responded to various inflammatory reagents including PAF itself, lipopolysaccharide, or phorbol ester. By northern blotting of tissue or cells with various nutritional or hormonal treatments, the PAF receptor messages are up-regulated. Estrogen increased the expression of the PAF receptor in human endometrial glandular cells, and vitamin A (retinoic acid) or thyroid hormone treatment up-regulates the PAF receptor expression only tissues with transcript 2. By various in vivo and in vitro transcriptional assays (CAT reporter assay, gel mobility shift assay), we identified estrogen responsible element, and hormone responsive element. The PAF receptor hormone responsive element is composed of three direct repeated TGACCT-like hexamer motifs with 2 and 4 bp spaces, and the two upstream and two downstream motifs were identified as response elements for RA and T3.

Keywords

Retinoic Acid Thyroid Hormone Treatment Noncoding Exon Hormone Responsive Element Stomach Cancer Cell Line 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1996

Authors and Affiliations

  • Takao Shimizu
    • 2
  • Hiroyuki Mutoh
    • 2
  • Shigeaki Kato
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of AgricultureTokyo University of AgricultureSetagaya-ku, Tokyo 156Japan
  2. 2.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113Japan

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