Abstract
Cortical information is processed in the neostriatum (STR) and then transmitted to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). In the mammalian neostriatum the majority of neurones are the medium-size spiny neurons, sending their axons to the globus pallidus (GP) or the EP/SNr, by either the “direct” or the “indirect” pathways26. The “direct” pathway consists of a direct projection from the neostriatum to the EP/SNr, while the “indirect” pathways consist of a striatal projection to the GP and thence to the output nuclei directly or via the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Striatonigral projection neurons, neurons of the GP, SNr and EP are GABAergic, whereas those of the STN use glutamate. Activation of the “direct” pathway thus leads to inhibition in the EP/SNr whereas activation of the “indirect” pathways produces the opposite effect i.e. disinhibition; the imbalance between the two is thought to underlie disorders of movement1,6,12,15.
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Colivicchi, M.A. et al. (1998). The In Vivo Release of Taurine in the Striatonigral Pathway. In: Schaffer, S., Lombardini, J.B., Huxtable, R.J. (eds) Taurine 3. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 442. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0117-0_45
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