Abstract
Second-order nonlinear optical processes are forbidden, in the electric-dipole approximation, in centrosymmetric materials.1 For organic materials, noncentrosymmetry and significant second-order response (first molecular hyperpolarizability) is relatively easy to achieve on the molecular level by connecting donor and acceptor groups by a conjugated π-electron system.2 However, the macroscopic noncentrosymmetry of such materials is usually achieved only by aligning the molecules in an electric field. In polymeric materials, the alignment can be frozen by cooling the material below its glass-transition temperature while the field is applied. Unfortunately, this poling process results in a thermodynamically unstable material whose nonlinearity tends to relax with time.3
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Kauranen, M., Verbiest, T., Van Elshocht, S., Persoons, A. (1998). Chirality Effects in Second-Order Nonlinear Optics. In: Prasad, P.N., Mark, J.E., Kandil, S.H., Kafafi, Z.H. (eds) Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0112-5_24
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