Abstract
I would like to discuss why it is important to study the Leydig cell in the testis with regard to toxicity testing and why the Leydig cell, especially in the rat, is prone to hyperplasia and adenoma formation. I would also like to indicate the possible sites of action of Leydig cell toxicants and give you a particular example of the action of a Leydig cell toxicant. This will illustrate the advantages of in vitro models. Finally, I would like to summarise our proposals for a new project to develop in vitro models for toxicity testing using the Leydig cell.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abney, T.O. and Meiner, C.M.H. (1979) Characterization of Estrogen Binding and the Developing Rat Testis: Ontogeny of the testicular Cytoplasmic Estrogen Receptor, Steroids, 34: 413.
Adams, E.F., Coldham, N.G. and James, V.H. (1988) Steroidal regulation of oestradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase activity of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, J. Endocr. 118: 149–154.
Bambino, T.H. and Hsueh, A.J.W. (1981) Direct inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids upon testicular Luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenesis in vivo and in vitro, Endocrinology, 108: 2142–2148.
Brinkman, A.O., Leemborg, F.G., Roodnat, E.M., de Jong, F.E. and van der Molen, H.J. (1980) A specific action of Estradiol on Enzymes involved in Testicular Steroidogenesis, Biol. Reprod. 23: 801.
Catt, K.J., Harwood, J.P., Aguilera, G. and Dufau, M.L. (1979) Hormonal regulation of peptide receptors and target cell responses, Nature, Lond. 280: 109–116.
Chan, V., Katikineni, M., Davies, T.F. and Catt, K.J. (1981) Hormonal regulation of testicular luteinizing hormone and prolactin receptors, Endocrinology, 108: 1607–1612.
Chasalon, F. (1979) Mechanism and control of rat testicular steroid synthesis. Cytosol stimulation of steroidogenesis, J. biol. Chem. 254: 3000.
Cigorraga, S.B., Dufau, M.L. and Catt, K.J. (1978) Regulation of luteinizing hormone receptors and steroidogenesis in gonadotropin-desensitized leydig cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 253: 4297–4304.
Cooke, B.A. (1996) Transduction of the luteinizing hormone signal within the Leydig cell in The Leydig Cell, Editors: A.H. Payne, M.P. Hardy and L.D. Rüssel, Casche River Press, Vienna, II USA. 351-364.
Cooke, B.A., Dirami, G., Chaudry, L., Choi, M.S.K., Abayasekara, D.R.E. and Phipp, L. (1991) Release of arachidonic acid and the effects of corticosteroids on steroidogenesis in rat testis Leydig cells, J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 40: 465–471.
Dirami, G., Teerds, K.J. and Cooke, B.A. (1996) Effect of a dopamine agonist on the development of Leydig cell hyperplasia in Sprague Dawley rats, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 141: 169–177.
Dufau, M.L., Cigorraga, S., Baukai, A.J., Serrell, S., Bator, J.M., Neubauer, J.F. and Catt, K.J. (1979) Androgen biosynthesis in Leydig cells after testicular desensitization by LHRH and hCG, Endocrinology, 105: 1314.
Freeman, D.A. and Ascoli, M. (1981) Desensitization to gonadotropins in cultured Leydig tumor cells involves loss of gonadotropin receptors and decreased capacity for steroidogenesis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 78: 6309–6313.
Klemcke, H.G. and Bartke, A. (1981) Effects of chronic hyperprolactinemia in mice on plasma gonadotropin concentrations and testicular human chorionic gonadotropin binding sites, Endocrinology, 108: 1763–1768.
Maddocks, S. and Setchell, B.P. (1989) Effect of a single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin on testosterone levels in testicular interstitial fluid, and in testicular and peripheral venous blood in adult rats, J. Endocr. 121: 311–316.
Moger, W.H. (1980) In vitro inhibitory effect of estradiol on testosterone production, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 13: 61–66.
Monder, C. (1991) Corticosteroids, Receptors, and the Organ-Specific Functions of 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, FASEB. J. 5: 3047–3054.
Morris, I.D. (1996) Leydig Cell Toxicology in The Leydig Cell, Editors: A.H. Payne, M.P. Hardy and L.D. Russel, Casche River Press, Vienna, II USA. 573-596.
Mulder, E., Brinkman, A.O., Lamers-Stahlhofen, G.J. and Molen, H.J., van der. (1973) Binding of oestradiol by the nuclear fraction of rat testis interstitial tissue, FEBS Letters, 31: 131–136.
Nozu, K., Dufau, M.L. and Catt, H.J. (1981) Estradiol receptor mediated regulation of steroidogenesis in gonadotropin desensitized Leydig cells, J. biol. Chem. 256: 1915–1922.
Orczyk, G.P., Mordes, J.P. and Longcope, C. (1987) Aromatase activity in a rat Leydig cell tumor, Endocrinology, 120: 1482–1489.
Pomerantz, D.K. (1981) Human chorionic gonadotropin enhances the ability of gonadotropic hormones to stimulate aromatization in the testis of the rat, Endocrinology, 109: 2004–2008.
Prentice, D.E., Siegel, R.A., Donatsch, P., Qureshi, S. and Ettlin, R.A. (1992) Mesulergine induced Leydig cell tumours, a syndrome involving the pituitary-testicular axis of the rat, Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. 15: 197–204.
Prentice, D.E. and Meikle, A.W. (1995) A review of drug-induced leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia in the rat and some comparisons with man, Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 14: 562–572.
Purvis, K., Cusan, L. and Hansson, V. (1981) Regulation of steroidogenesis and steroid action in Leydig cells. [Review] [105 refs], Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 15: 77–86.
Rommerts, F.F.G., Cooke, B.A., van der Kemp, J.W.C.M. and van der Molen, HJ. (1972) Stimulation of 3’m5’-cyclic AMP and testosterone production in rat testis in vitro. FEBS Letters, 24: 251–254.
Ronco, A.M. and Valladares, L. (1992) The Effect of hCG-Induced Desensitization on RNA Synthesis in Rat Leydig Cells, Biochem. Int. 27: 65–74.
Samuels, L.T., Uchikawa, T., Zain-ul-Abedin, M. and Huseby, R.A. (1969) Effect of diethylstilbestrol on enzymes of cryptochid mouse testes of Balb-c mice, Endocrinology, 85: 96–102.
Sharpe, R.M. (1976) hCG-induced decrease in availability of rat testis receptors, Nature, 264: 644–646.
Tsai-Morris, C., Knox, G., Luna, S. and Dufau, M.L. (1986) Acquisition of estradiol-mediated regulatory mechanism of steroidogenesis in cultured fetal rat Leydig cells, J. biol. Chem. 261: 3471–3474.
Tsai-Morris, C., Knox, G.F. and Dufau, M.L. (1988) Gonadotropin induction of a regulatory mechanism of steroidogenesis in fetal Leydig cell cultures, J. Steroid Biochem. 29: 285–291.
Valladares, L.E. and Payne, A.H. (1979) Induction of testicular aromatization by luteinizing hormone in mature rats, Endocrinology, 105: 431–436.
Zipf, W.B., Payne, A.H. and Kelch, R.P. (1978) Prolactin, growth hormone and LH in the maintenance of testicular LH receptors, Endocrinology, 103: 595–600.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cooke, B.A. (1998). In Vitro Models for the Investigation of Reproductive Toxicology in the Testis. In: del Mazo, J. (eds) Reproductive Toxicology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 444. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0089-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0089-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0091-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0089-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive