Abstract
There is currently a great deal of interest in developing orally active synthetic vaccines containing recombinant proteins as protective antigens. However, purified proteins are poorly immunogenic in general and do not elicit the mucosal immunity essential for protecting against diseases of mucosal surfaces such as the intestine and respiratory tract (McGhee et al 1992). Indeed, the usual result of administering soluble proteins by the oral route is profound immunological tolerance which prevents systemic and local immune responses on subsequent exposure to the antigen (Mowat 1987). Thus there is a need for vectors that will avoid this phenomenon of oral tolerance and prime a full range of immune responses to orally administered protein antigens.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Araujo, F.G. and Morein, B.1991, Immunisation with Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote antigens incorporated into ISCOMS protects against lethal challenge in mice. Infect. Immun., 59: 2909.
Claasen, I. and Osterhaus. A., 1992, The ISCOM structure as an immune-enhancing moiety: experience with viral systems. Res. Immunol., 143: 531.
Garside, P., M. Steel, E.A. Worthey, A. Satoskar, J. Alexander, H. Bluethmann, F.Y. Liew, and A.MeI Mowat. 1995, Th2 cells are subject to high dose oral tolerance and are not essential for its induction. J Immunol., 154: 5649.
Heeg, K., Kuon, W. and Wagner, H., 1991, Vaccination of Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted murine CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes toward soluble antigen: immunostimulating complexes enter the Class 1 MHC-restricted antigen pathway and allow sensitization against the immunodominant peptide. Eur.J.Immunol., 21: 152.
Kersten, G.F.A., Spiekstra, A., Beuvery, E.C. and Crommelin, D.J.A., 1991, On the structure of immune-stimulating saponin-lipid complexes (ISCOMS). Bioch.Bioph.Acta. 1062: 165.
Maloy, K.J., Donachie, A.M. and Mowat, A.McI., 1995, Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses by oral or parenteral immunization with ISCOMS. Eur J Immunol., 25: 2835.
McGhee, J.R., Mestecky, J., Dertzbaugh, M.T., Eldridge, J.H., Hirasawa, M. and Kiyono, H., 1992, The mucosal immune system: from fundamental concepts to vaccine development. Vaccine, 10, 75.
Morein, B., Fossum, C., Lovgren, K. and Hoglund, S., 1990, The ISCOM-a modern approach to vaccines. Semin. Virol., 1: 49.
Morein, B., Lövgren, K., Rönnberg, B., Sjölander, A. and Villacres-Eriksson, M., 1995, Immunostimulating complexes. Clinical potential in vaccine development. Clin. Immunother., 3: 461.
Mowat, A.McI, 1987, The regulation of immune responses to dietary protein antigens. Immunology Today. 8: 93.
Mowat, A.McI., Donachie, A.M., Reid, G. and Jarrett, O., 1991, Immune stimulating complexes containing Quil A and protein antigen prime Class I MHC-restricted T lymphocytes in vivo and are active by the oral route. Immunology. 72, 317.
Mowat, A. McI, Maloy, K.J. and Donachie, A.M., 1993, Immune stimulating complexes as adjuvants for inducing local and systemic immunity after oral immunisation with protein antigens. Immunology, 80: 527.
Mowat, A. MeI. and Reid, G., 1994, The preparation of immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS) as adjuvants for local and systemic immunisation with protein antigens. In; “Current Protocols in Immunology”, J.E. Coligan Kruisbeek, A.M., Margulies, D., Shevach, E. and Strober, W.v eds., John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
Ramsay, A. J., Husband, A. J., Ramshaw, I. A., Bao. S., Matthaei, K. I., Koehler, G. and Kopf, M., 1994, The role of interleukin-6 in mucosal IgA antibody responses in vivo. Science. 264: 561.
Takahashi, H., T. Takeshita, B. Morein, S. Putney, R.N. Germain, and J. Berzofsky, 1990, Induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells by immunisation with purified HIV-1 envelope protein in ISCOMS. Nature, 344: 873–5.
Trudel, M., Nadon, F., Seguin, C., Brault, S., Lusignan, Y. and Lemieux, S., 1992, Initiation of cytotoxic T cell response and protection of BALB/c mice by vaccination with an experimental ISCOMS respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine. Vaccine, 10: 107.
Vajdy, M., Kosco-Vilbois, M.H., Kopf, M., Kohler, G. and Lycke, N., 1995, Impaired mucosal immune responses in interleukin 4-targeted mice. J. Exp. Med., 181: 41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McI.Mowat, A., Maloy, K.J., Smith, R.E., Donachie, A.M. (1997). Iscoms as Mucosal Vaccine Vectors. In: Gregoriadis, G., McCormack, B., Allison, A.C. (eds) Vaccine Design. NATO ASI Series, vol 293. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0062-3_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0062-3_14
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0064-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0062-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive