Skip to main content

Behavioral Ecology of the Nevada Kit Fox (Vulpes Macrotis Nevadensis) on a Managed Desert Rangeland

  • Chapter
Current Mammalogy

Abstract

The kit fox (Vulpes macrotis Merriam) inhabits desert and semiarid areas of western North America. Recent research and evaluations consider the kit fox distinct from the swift fox V. velox (Say) (Rohwer and Kilgore, 1973; Egoscue, 1979; McGrew, 1979; Honacki et al., 1982; Nowack and Paradiso, 1983). Earlier accounts (Hall and Kelson, 1959) recognized eight subspecies of V. macrotis. McGrew’s (1979) thorough review of research dealing with subspecific categories for the kit fox reduced the eight subspecies to five: V. m. macrotis Merriam, V. m. mutica Merriam, V. m. nevadensis Goldman, and V. m. zinseri Benson. The San Joaquin kit fox (V. m. mutica) is considered an endangered species by the U. S. Department of Interior and receives appropriate protection in California (Morrell, 1972; U. S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1976).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bauer, J. D., Ackerman, G., and Gelson, T., 1974, Clinical Laboratory Methods, C. V. Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahalane, V. H., 1947, Mammals of North America, Macmillan Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caughley, G., 1977, Analysis of Vertebrate Populations, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody, M. L., 1971, Finch flocks in the Mohave Desert, Theor. Popul. Biol. 2:142–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cutter, W. L., 1958, Denning of the swift fox in Northern Texas, J. Mamrnai. 39(1):70–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daubenmire, R., 1959, A canopy-coverage method of vegetational analysis, Northwest. Sci. 30:43–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egoscue, H. R., 1956, Preliminary studies of the kit fox in Utah, J. Mammal. 37:351–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egoscue, H. R., 1962, Ecology and life history of the kit fox in Tooele County Utah, Ecology 43:481–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Egoscue, H. R., 1975, Population dynamics of the kit fox in western Utah, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 74:122–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egoscue, H. R., 1979, Vulpes Velox, Mammal. Species 122:1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Errington, P. L., 1946, Predation and vertebrae populations, Q. Rev. Biol. 21:144–177, 221-245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flinders, J. T., and Hansen, R. M., 1973, Abundance and dispersion of leporids within a shortgrass ecosystem, J. Mammal. 54:287–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golightly, R. T., and Ohmart, R. D., 1983, Metabolism and body temperature of two desert canids: Coyotes and kit foxes, J. Mammal. 64(4):624–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golightly, R. T., Jr., and Ohmart, R. D., 1984, Water economy of two desert canids: Coyote and kit fox, J. Mammal. 65(1):51–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, J. S., and Flinders, J. T., 1981, Diets of sympatric red foxes and coyotes in southeastern Idaho, Great Basin Nat. 41:251–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grinnell, J., Dixon, J. S., and Lindsale, J. M., 1937, Fur-bearing Mammals of California, Their Natural History, Systemic Status, and Relation to Man, Volume II, University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. R., 1981, The Mammals of North America, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, E. R., and Kelson, K. R., 1959, The Mammals of North America, Ronald Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren, R. C., 1973, The Desert Experimental Range: Description, history, and program, in: Arid Shrublands—Proceedings of the Third Workshop of the United States/Australia Rangeland Panel (D. N. Hyder, ed.), Society of Range Management, Denver, Colorado, pp. 18-22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honacki, J. H., Kinman, K. E., and Koeppl, J. W., 1982, Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingles, L., 1965, Mammals of the Pacific States, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughrin, L., 1970, San Joaquin Kit Fox, Its Distribution and Abundance, California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Branch Administrative Report 70-2, Sacramento, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lechleitner, R. R., 1969, Wild Mammals of Colorado, Ptuett Publishing Co., Boulder, Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, R. H., and Wilson, E. O., 1963, An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography, Evolution 17:373–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGrew, J. C, 1977, Distribution and habitat characteristics of the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) in Utah, M. S. thesis, Utah State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrew, J. C, 1979, Vulpes macrotis, Mammal. Species 123:1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mech, L. D., 1970, The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species, Natural Press, Garden City, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moehlman, P. D., 1983, Socioecology of silverbacked and golden jackles (Canis mesomelas and Canis aureus), in: Advances in the Study of Mammalian Behavior (J. F. Eisenberg and D. G. Kleiman, eds.), American Society of Mammalogists Special Publication No. 7, pp. 423-453.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, C. O., 1947, Table of equivalent populations of North American small mammals, Am. Midi. Nat. 37:223–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mollhagen, T. R., Riley, R. W., and Packard, R., 1972, Prey remains in golden eagle nests: Texas and New Mexico, J. Mammal. 36(3):784–792.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrell, S., 1972, Life history of the San Joaquin kit fox, Calif. Fish Game 58:162–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller-Dombois, D., and Ellenburg, H., 1974, Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology, Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowack, R. M., and Paradiso, J. L., 1983, Walker’s Mammals of the World, 4th ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. L., Andrews, R. D., Storm, G. L., and Bishop, R. H., 1972, Dispersal and mortality of red foxes, J. Wildl. Manage. 36(2):237–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeder, W. G., 1949, Aquatic activity of a desert kit fox, J. Mammal. 42:413–414.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohwer, S. A., and Kilgore, D. L., Jr., 1973, Interbreeding in the arid-land foxes, Vulpes velox and V. macrotis, Syst. Zool. 22:157–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruzicka, M, 1958, Awendung Mathematisch-Statisticher methoden in der geobotanik (Synthetische bearbeitung von aufnahmen), Biol. Batisl. 13:647–661.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seton, E. T., 1925, Lives of Game Animals, Cats, Wolves and Foxes, Doubleday, Garden City, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlam, O. W., Jain, N. C., and Carroll, E. J., 1975, Veterinary Hematology, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, S., 1956, Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. J., and Price, G. R., 1973, The logic of animal conflicts, Nature 246:15–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sneath, R. H. A., and Sokal, R. R., 1973, Numerical Taxonomy: Principles and Practices of Numerical Classification, Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • U. S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1976, Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. Republication of the list of species, Fed. Reg. 41(208):47180–47198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woolfenden, G. E., and Fitzpatrick, J., 1978, The inheritance of territory in group-breeding birds, BioSci. 28:104–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

O’Neal, G.T., Flinders, J.T., Clary, W.P. (1987). Behavioral Ecology of the Nevada Kit Fox (Vulpes Macrotis Nevadensis) on a Managed Desert Rangeland. In: Genoways, H.H. (eds) Current Mammalogy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9909-5_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9909-5_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9911-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9909-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics