Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Carnivores

  • Chapter
Comparative Hemostasis in Vertebrates

Abstract

The mammalian order Carnivora is named for the dietary habits of the great majority of its 250-plus species that are meat or flesh eaters. There are an exceptional few carnivores that do not eat flesh. For example, the giant panda feeds on bamboo, and some other bears are primarily herbivorous.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Didisheim, P., Hattori, K., and Lewis, J. H., 1959, Hematological and coagulation studies in various animal species, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 53: 866.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, R. A., and White, F., 1977, Feline factor XII (Hageman) deficiency, Am. J. Vet. Res. 38: 893.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. H., 1981, Comparative hematology: Studies on cats including one with factor XII (Hage-man) deficiency, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 68: 355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. H., Spero, J. A., and Hasiba, U., 1983, A hemophilic dog colony: Genetic and coagulation findings in hemophiliac and normal dogs, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 75A: 147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • suggested Readings

    Google Scholar 

  • Ackart, R. J., Shaw, J. S., and Lawrence, J. S., 1940, Blood cell picture of normal cats, Anat. Rec. 76: 357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burdick, M. D., and Schaub, R. G., 1987, Human protein C induces anticoagulation and increased fibrinolytic activity in the cat, Thromb. Res. 45: 413.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, L. B., and Clifton, E. E., 1965, In vivo activation of the fibrinolytic system of the cat, J. Surg. Res. 5: 153.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore, C. E., Gilmore, V. H., and Jones, T. C., 1964, Bone marrow and peripheral blood of cats: Technique and normal values, Pathol. Vet. 1: 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser, P., 1963, Quantitatives and qualitatives Blutbild der gesunden Katze, Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 105: 438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, N. C., and Kono, C. S., 1972, Scanning electron microscopy of erythrocytes of dog, cat, cow, horse, sheep, and goat, Res. Vet. Sci. 13: 489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. H., and Perman, V., 1968, Normal values for jugular blood in the cat, Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 63: 851.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kier, A. B., Bresnahan, J. F., White, F. J., and Wagner, J. E., 1980, The inheritance pattern of factor XII (Hageman) deficiency in domestic cats, Can. J. Comp. Med. 44: 309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraft, H., 1957, Das morphologische Blutbild einer Junglöwen (Felis leo), Blut 3: 344.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landsberg, J. W., 1940, The blood picture of normal cats, Folia Haematol. 64: 169.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, L., Feldman, B. F., and Ito, R. K., 1982, Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation in adult cats, Am. J. Vet. Res. 43: 1478.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Penny, R. H. C., Carlisle, C. H., and Davidson, H. A., 1970, The blood and marrow picture of the cat, Br. Vet. J. 126: 459.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riser, W. H., 1946, The normal blood count of the domestic cat, North Am. Vet. 27: 93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohovsky, M. W., and Griesemer, R. A., 1969, Hematology of the germ free cat, Lab. Anim. Care 19: 60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawitsky, A., and Meyer, L. M., 1947, The bone marrow of normal cats, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 32: 70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schryver, H. F., 1963, The bone marrow of the cat, Am. J. Vet. Res. 24: 1012.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spink, R. R., Malvin, R. L., and Cohen, B. J., 1966, Determination of erythrocyte half life and blood volume in cats, Am. J. Vet. Res. 27: 1041.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tschopp, T. B., 1969, Aggregation of cat platelets in vitro, Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 23: 601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velasco, M., Landaverde, M., Lifshitz, F., and Parra, A., 1971, Some constituents in normal cats, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 158: 763.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiser, M. G., and Kociba, G. J., 1984, Platelet concentration and platelet volume distribution in healthy cats, Am. J. Vet. Res. 45: 518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adelson, E., Kaufmann, R. M., Lear, A. A., Kirby, J. C., and Rheingold, J. J., 1963, Physiology of platelet destruction as revealed by tagging of cohorts. 1. Studies of dogs, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 62: 385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Afonsky, D., 1955, Blood picture in normal dogs, Am. J. Physiol. 180: 456.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, A. C., and Gee, W., 1958, Normal blood values in the beagle, Vet. Med. 53: 135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, G. F., and Barnhart, M. I., 1964, Prothrombin synthesis in the dog, Am. J. Physiol. 206: 929.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belleville, J., Thouverez, J. P., Mikaeloff, P., and J. Descotes, 1966, Étude des principaux tests de l’hemostase chez le chien normal, Pathol. Biol. 14: 41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, R. E., and Dodds, W. J., 1976, Immunologic characterization of canine factor VIII, Blood 48: 521.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson, R. E., and Dodds, W. J:, 1976, Physical relationship between canine factor VIII coagulant activity and factor VIII-related antigen, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 153: 339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergentz, S. E., and Nilsson, I. M., 1961, Effect of trauma on coagulation and fibrinolysis in dogs, Acta Chir. Scand. 122: 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertho, E., and Perez, A. P. Y., 1965, Etude comparée expérimentale de l’electrophorese des proteines et des électrolytes chez des chiens, Can. Med. Assoc. J. 92: 1210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birken, S., Wilner, G. D., and Canfield, R. E., 1975, Studies of the structure of canine fibrinogen, Thromb. Res. 7: 599.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, F., and Meyer, L. M., 1944, The morphology of the bone marrow cells in normal dogs, Cornell Vet. 34: 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonk, R. J., Swanson, M. B., and Malya, P. A. G., 1986, Automated synthetic substrate assays for coagulopathies of dogs, Lab. Anim. Sci. 36: 517.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, H. D., and Wakerling, G. E., 1937, The blood picture of the normal dog, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 36: 667.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunk, R. R., 1969, Standard values in the beagle dog: Haematology and clinical chemistry, Food Co.smet. Toxicol. 7: 141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckwalter, J. A., Blythe, W. B., and Brinkhous, K. M., 1949, Effect of blood platelets on prothrombin utilization of dog and human plasma, Am. J. Physiol. 159: 316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byars, T. D., Ling, G. V., Ferris, N. A., and Keeton, K. S., 1976, Activated coagulation time (ACT) of whole blood in normal dogs, Am. J. Vet. Res. 37: 1359.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cade, J. F., and Robinson, T. F., 1975, Coagulation and fibrinolysis in the dog, Can. J. Comp. Med. 39: 296.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chignard, M., and Vargaftig, B. B., 1976, Dog platelets fail to aggregate when they form aggregating substances upon stimulation with arachidonic acid, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 38: 7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chignard, M., and Vargaftig, B. B., 1977, Synthesis of thromboxane A, by nonaggregating dog platelets challenged with arachidonic acid or with prostaglandin H,, Prostaglandins 14: 222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ewald, B. H., and Sawyer, A., 1970, Automated haematological screening of the dog, Lab. Anim. Med. 20: 1103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, B. F., Madewell, B. R., and O’Neill, S., 1981, Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Anti-thrombin, plasminogen, and coagulation abnormalities in 41 dogs, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 179: 151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, D. E., Blood Coagulation and Its Disorders in the Dog, Bailliere Tindall, London. Hartmann, R. C., Conley, C. L., and Poole, E. L., 1952, Studies on the initiation of blood coagulation. III. The clotting properties of canine platelet free plasma, J. Clin. Invest., 31: 685.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heneghan, T., 1977, Haematological and biochemical variables in the greyhound, Vet. Sci. Commun. 1: 277.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iatridis, S. G., Ferguson, J. H., Iatridis, P. G., and Mauldin, R., 1964, Thrombogenic properties of surface factor: Evidence for an anti-surface factor activity in canine plasma. Thrombos. Haemorrh. (Stuttgaard) 12: 12, 35.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ifran, M., 1961, Studies on the peripheral blood picture of the normal dog, Ir. Vet. J. 15: 86, 110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaques, W. E., Hampton, J. W., Bird, R. M., Bolten, K. A., and Randolph, B., 1960, Pulmonary hypertension and plasma in thromboplastin-antecedent deficiency in dogs, Arch. Pathol. 69: 248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G. J., Leis, L. A., Rao, G. H. R., and White, J. G., 1979, Arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation in the dog, Thromb. Res. 14: 147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G. J., Rao, G. H., Leis, L. A., and White, J. G., 1980, Effect of agents that alter cyclic AMP on arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation in the dog, Blood 55: 722.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G. S., Benson, R. E., and Dodds, W. J., 1979, Ristocetin cofactor activity of purified canine factor VIII: Inhibition by plasma proteins, Thromb. Res. 15: 835.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko, J. J., and Smith, R., 1967, The estimation of plasma fibrinogen and its clinical significance in the dog, Calif. Vet. 21: 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraytman, M., 1973, Platelet size in thrombocytopenias and thrombocytosis of various origin, Blood 41: 587.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. H., 1963, Effects of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) on survival of fibrinogen I1s’ and on fibrinolytic and coagulation factors in dogs, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 114: 777.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. H., and Ferguson, J. H., 1952, Fibrinolytic enzyme system of dog serum, N. C. Med. J. 13: 196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. H., and Shirakawa, M., 1964, Effects of fibrinolytic agents and heparin on blood coagulation in dogs, Am. J. Physiol. 207: 1044.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lumsden, J. H., Mullen, K., and McSherry, B. J., 1979, Canine hematology and biochemistry reference values, Can. J. Comp. Med. 43: 125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayerson, H. S., 1930, The blood cytology of dogs, Anat. Rec. 47: 239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, L. M., and Bloom, F., 1943, The bone marrow of normal dogs, Am. J. Med. Sci. 206: 637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michaelson, S. M., Scheer, K., and Gilt, S., 1966, The blood of the normal beagle, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 148: 532.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, M. L., Stelton, N. J., Allison, J. B., and Green, D. F., 1940, Blood cytology of the normal dog, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 25: 353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, J. A. and Canaday, W. R., Jr., 1971, Hematologic values in mongrel and greyhound dogs being screened for research use, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 159: 1603.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Potkay, S., and Zinn, R. D., 1969, Effects of collection interval, body weight and season on the hemograms of canine blood donors, Lab. Anim. Care 19: 192.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quick, A. J., and Hussey, C. V., 1951, On the comparative prothrombic activity of human and dog blood, J. Clin. Invest. 30: 903.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahn, B., and von Kaulla, K. N., 1964, Pharmacological induction of fibrinolytic activity in the dog, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 115: 359.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rekers, P. E., and Coulter, M., 1948, A hematological and histological study of the bone marrow and peripheral blood of the adult dog, Am. J. Med. Sci. 216: 643.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, F. R., and Ziegler, R. F., 1968, Clinical laboratory values of beagle dogs, Lab. Anim. Care 18: 39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shively, J. N., Feldt, C., and Davis, D., 1969, Fine structure of formed elements in canine blood, Am. J. Vet. Res. 30: 893.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. G., 1955, Evidence that the physiologic normal hemoglobin value for adult dog blood is 18 grams per 100 cc, Am. J. Physiol. 142: 476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi, T., and Takeda, Y., 1978, Physicochemical and biological properties of canine thrombin and prothrombin, Thromb. Res. 12: 635.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Usacheva, 1. N., 1957, Peripheral blood and bone marrow indices in healthy dogs, Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 44: 1133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon, E. J., and Clark, B. B., 1943, Hematology of the peripheral blood and bone marrow of the dog, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 28: 1575.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. H., Brannan, W. M. and Brinkhous, K. M., 1955, Antiaccelerator (anticonvertin) activity of canine plasma and serum, Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 89: 266.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, D. J., and Bradley, R. E., 1972, The hemogram and certain serum protein fractions in normal beagle dogs, Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 67: 393.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilner, G. D., and Birken, S., 1975, Synthesis and radioimmunoassay of canine fibrinopeptide A, Thromb. Res. 7: 753.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wintrobe, M. M., Schumaker, H. B., and Schmidt, W. J., 1933, Values for number, size and hemoglobin content of erythrocytes in normal dogs, rabbits and rats, Folio Haematol. 51: 502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zondag, A. C. P., Kolb, A. M., and Bax, N. M. A., 1985, Normal values of coagulation in canine blood, Haemostasis 15: 318.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, C. S., Press, G. A., Lyden, P., and Katz, B., 1989, Short communications: The ferret as an animal model in cerebrovascular research, Stroke 20: 1085.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • May, R. M., 1986, News and views: Species conservation: The cautionary tale of the black-footed ferret, Nature (London) 320: 13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, R. M., 1989, News and views: Conservation biology: Black-footed ferret update, Nature (London) 339: 104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, K. D., and Robinson, S. L., 1989, Prolactin or dopamine mediates the induction of puberty by long days in female ferrets, Endocrinology 125: 2605.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, K. D., Robinson, S. L., Tritt, S. H., and Zeleznik, A. J., 1988, Sexual maturation in the female ferret: Circumventing the gonadostat, Endocrinology 122: 1201.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, A. H., 1935, A graphical study of the blood of normal foxes, Can. J. Res. 12: 796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, E. H., Coombes, A. I., and Wisnicky, W., 1941, Preliminary studies on the blood chemistry of the fox, Am. J. Vet. Res. 2: 193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergman, R. K., Lodmell, D. L., and Hadlow, W. J., 1972, A technic for multiple bleedings or intravenous inoculations of mink at prescribed intervals, Lab. Anim. Sci. 22: 93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. A., Kimball, H. R., and Padgett, G. A., 1972, Granulocyte chemostaxis in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome of mink, Blood 39: 644.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karstad, L., and Budd, J., 1967, Disseminated intravascular coagulation in mink, Can. Vet. J. 8:239. Kennedy, A. H., 1934, Cytology of the blood of normal mink and raccoon. I. Morphology of mink’s blood, Can. J. Res. 12: 479.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, A. H., 1934, Cytology of the blood of normal mink and raccoon. Il. The numbers of the blood elements in the normal mink, Can. J. Res. 12: 484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, A. H., 1935, Cytology of the blood of normal mink and raccoon. III. Morphology and numbers of the blood elements in raccoon, Can. J. Res. 12: 495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubin, R., and Mason, M. M., 1948, Normal blood and urine values for mink, Cornell Vet. 38: 79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Law, R. G., and Kennedy, A. H., 1934, Nutritional anaemia in mink, Can. Field Nat. 48: 47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, K. M., Holmsen, H., Seachord, C. L., Hopkins, G., and Gorham, J., 1979, Characterization of platelets from normal mink and mink with the Chediak—Higashi syndrome, Am. J. Hematol. 7: 137.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Central Blood Bank, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jessica H. Lewis

Authors
  1. Jessica H. Lewis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lewis, J.H. (1996). The Carnivores. In: Comparative Hemostasis in Vertebrates. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9768-8_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9768-8_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9770-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9768-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation