Skip to main content

Auditory Problems in Children

  • Chapter
Communication Disorders

Abstract

Compared with other handicapping conditions, the incidence of handicapping hearing impairment in young children is relatively low. Nevertheless, children with auditory deficits are prominent among those for whom “education” in early infancy is deemed essential. Indeed, early identification and intervention strategies for hearing-impaired youngsters are thought to be so critical for adequate development that proposals for innovative approaches with this population were among the first to be encouraged by grants from the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In fact, services for infants with hearing impairments were considered such a high priority that the United States granting agencies suggested that no minimum age be specified for including hearing-impaired children in intervention programs. On recommendation from professional consultants, it was strongly urged that “age of identification,” rather than chronological age, be considered as the appropriate date for enrollment.

In describing auditory problems it is becoming increasingly difficult to separate peripheral from central impairments. Therefore, although this chapter is included in the section of the book devoted to peripheral disturbances of communication, it includes reference to both peripheral and central problems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aran, J. M., Portmann, M., Portmann, C., Pelerin, J. Electrocochleogramme chez l’adulte et chez l’enfant. Audiology, 1972, 11, 77–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bangs, T. Language and learning disorders in the pre-academic child, with curriculum guide. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr, B. Pure tone audiometry for pre-school children, a preliminary report. Acta Otolaryngologica, (Stockholm) Suppl. 110, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr, B. Pure tone audiometry for pre-school children. Acta Otolaryngologica, Suppl. 121, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartoshuk, A. K. Response decrement with repeated elicitation of human neonatal cardiac acceleration to sound. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 1962, 55, 9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartoshuk, A. K. Human neonatal cardiac acceleration to sound: habituation and dishabituation. Perceptual Motor Skills, 1962, 15, 15–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartoshuk, A. K. Human neonatal cardiac responses to sound: a power function. Psychonomic Science, 1964, 1, 151–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battin, R. Developmental effects of early middle ear pathology. Texas Journal of Audiology and Speech, 1978, 3, 11–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beasley, D., Maki, J., Orchik, D. Children’s perception of time—compressed speech on two measures of speech discrimination. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1976, 41, 216–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, C. I., Lowe, S. S. Temporal and dichotic factors in central auditory testing. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (1st Ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, C. I., Chase, R. A., Dill, A., Hagepanos, T. Auditory findings in temporal lobectomized patients Journal of the American Speech and Hearing Association, 1965, 7, 386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, C. I., Lowe-Bell, S. S., Janetta, P. S., Kline, D. G. Central auditory deficits after temporal lobectomy. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1972, 96, 4–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bess, F., Schwartz, D., Redfield, N. Audiometric, impedance and otoscopic findings in children with cleft palates. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1976, 102, 465–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bluestone, C. Eustachian tube function. In J. Jerger (Ed.), Impedance audiometry. New York: American Electromedics, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocca, E., Callearo, C. Central hearing processes. In J. Jerger (Ed.), Modern developments in audiology. New York: Academic Press, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocca, E., Callearo, C., Cassinari, V. A new method for testing hearing in temporal lobe tumours. Acta Otolaryngologica, 1954, 44, 219–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bocca, E., Callearo, C., Cassinari, V., Miglinvacca, F. Testing cortical hearing in temporal lobe tumors. Acta Otolaryngologica, 1955, 45, 289–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradford, L. Psychological measures of the audio vestibular system. New York: Academic Press, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brattgard, S. O. The importance of adequate stimulation for the chemical composition of retinal ganglion cells during early post natal development. Acta Radiologica, Suppl. 96, 1952, 1–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, D. School screening for middle ear effusion. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, Laryngology, 1976, 85, (Suppl. 25, Number 2, Part 2), 223–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunt, M. The staggered spondaic word test. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callearo, C., Lazzaroni, A. Speech intelligibility in relation to the speed of the message. Laryngoscope, 1957, 67, 410–419.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cody, D. T. R., Jacobson, J. L., Walker, J. C., Bickford, R. G. Averaged myogenic and cortical potentials to sound in man. Annals of Otology, 1964, 73, 763–777.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. C., Gates, G., Owen, J., Dickson, H. An abbreviated impedance bridge technique for school screening. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1975, 40, 260–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, H. Brainstem and other responses in electric response audiometry. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, 1976, 85, 3–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, H. Principles of electric response audiometry. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology,1976, 85,(Suppl. 28, Part 3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, C. Some thoughts concerning alternate explanations of central auditory test results. In R. Keith (Ed.), Central auditory dysfunction. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, C. Materials distributed at a colloquium in Newark, N.J., May 23, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dix, M. R., Hallpike, C. S. The peep show. British Medical Journal, 1947, 2, 719–723.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downs, M. The expanding imperatives of early identification. In F. Bess (Ed.), Childhood deafness: Causation, assessment and management. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downs, M. Sterritt, G. A guide to newborn and infant hearing screening programs. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1967, 85, 37–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eilers, R., Minifie, F. Fricative discrimination in early infancy. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1975, 18, 158–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eilers, R., Wilson, W., Moore, J. Developmental changes in speech discrimination in infants. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1977, 20, 766–780.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eimas, P. D., Siqueland, E. R., Jusczyk, P., Vigorit, J. Speech perception in infants. Science, 1971, 303–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisen, N. H. Some effects of early sensory deprivation on later behavior: the quondom hard of hearing child. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1962, 65, 338–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, R. Cardiotachometry. In L. Bradford (Ed.), Physiological measures of the audio vestibular system. New York: Academic Press, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, R. B. Auditory competence in early life. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erber, N. Body baffle and real ear effects in the selection of hearing aids for deaf children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1973, 38, 224–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erikson, E. Childhood and society ( 2nd ed. ). New York: Norton, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, I. R., Ewing, A. W. G. The ascertainment of deafness in infancy and early childhood. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 1944, 59, 309–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinmesser, M., Tell, L. Neonatal screening for detection of deafness. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1976, 5, 297–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, A. Acoustic impedance-admittance measurements. In L. J. Bradford (Ed.), Physiological measures in the audio vestibular system. New York: Academic Press, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, A. Acoustic impedance-admittance. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fry, D. Language development and the deaf child: a psycholinguistic approach. In F. Bess (Ed.), Childhood deafness: Causation, assessment and management. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaeth, J. H., Lounsberry, E. Hearing aids and children in elementary schools. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1966, 31, 283–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gengel, R., Pascoe, D., Shore, I. A frequency response procedure for evaluating and selecting hearing aids for severely hearing impaired children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1971, 36, 341–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geschwind, N., Levitsky, W. Human brain: left right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science, 1968, 161, 186–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glattke, T. Electrocochleography. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, R., Derbyshire, A. Averaged evoked potentials in cats with lesions of auditory pathways. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1975, 18, 420–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, M. A. Problems of the deaf. St. Louis: The Laryngoscope Press, 1933.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, R. Early components of the AER. Acta Otolaryngologica (Stockholm), 1965, Suppl. 206, 127–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, R., Tait, C. Critique of neonatal hearing evaluation. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders,1971,36, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, A. Reference zero levels for pure tone audiometer. Journal of the American Speech and Hearing Association, 1965, 7, 262–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, D., Wilson, W., Moore, J., Thompson, G. Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) with young Down’s Syndrome children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1978, 43, 448–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffing, T. S., Simonton, K. M., Hedgecock, L. D. Verbal auditory screening for preschool children. Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, 1967, 7, 105–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilford, F., Haug, C. Diagnosis of deafness in the very young child. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1952, 55, 101–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, J. B. Studies of hearing in neonates. In The young deaf child, identification and management. Acta Otolaryngologica (Stockholm), 1965, Suppl. 206, 34–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haughton, P. Validity of tympanometry for middle ear effusions. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1977, 103, 505–513.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, D., Jerger, J. Response detection in respiration audiometry. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1978, 104, 183–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecox, K., Galambos, R. Brain stem auditory evoked responses in human infants and adults. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1974, 99, 30–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, W. R. Testing infants and young children. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology ( 2nd ed. ). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holm, V. A., Kunze, L. H. Effect of chronic otitis media on language and speech development. Pediatrics, 1969, 43, 833–839.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hood, W. H., Campbell, R. A., Hutton, C. L. An evaluation of the Bekesy ascending descending gap. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1964, 7, 123–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, W. H. A textbook of physiology (10th ed., revised). Philadelphia: Saunders, 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howie, V. The “otitis prone” condition. American Journal of Disabilities in Children, 1975, 129, 676–678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hume, A., Cant, B. Diagnosis of hearing loss in infancy by electric response audiometry. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1977, 103, 416–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • International symposium on impedance screening for children. Pediatrics, 1978, 62, 570–573.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffers, J., Barley, M. Speechreading. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerger, J. Observation in auditory lesions in the central auditory pathways. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1960, 71, 797–806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerger, J. Clinical experience with impedance audiometry. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1970, 92, 311–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerger, J., Hayes, D. The cross check principle in pediatric audiology. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1976, 102, 614–620.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jerger, J., Burney, P., Mauldin, L., Crump, B. Predicting hearing loss from the acoustic reflex. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1974, 39, 11–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Screening: Statement (Sept. 16, 1970). Journal of the American Speech and Hearing Association, 1971, 13, 79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Screening: Supplementary statement (Summer, 1973). Journal of the American Speech and Hearing Association, 1974, 16, 160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, G., Fleshman, K., Bender T., Baum, C., Clark, P. Long term effects of otitis media-a ten year cohort study of Alaskan Eskimo children. Pediatrics, 1973, 52, 577–585.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J. The use of staggered spondaic words for assessing the integrity of the central auditory nervous system. Journal of Auditory Research, 1962, 2, 327–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J., The SSW test: an interim report. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1968, 33, 132–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J. The staggered spondaic word test. In R. Keith (Ed.), Central auditory dysfunction. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keen, R. E., Chase, H., Graham, F. K. Twenty four hour retention by neonates of a habituated heart rate response. Psychonomic Science, 1965, 2, 265–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, R. An evaluation of predicting hearing loss from the acoustic reflex. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1977, 103, 419–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiang, N., Crist, A. H., French, M. A., Edwards, A. B. Postauricular electric response to acoustic stimuli in humans. Quarterly Progress Report (M.I.T.), 1963, 2, 218–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, J. Epidemiology and natural history of middle ear disease. Paper presented at the international symposium on impedance screening for children. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, June 20–22, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konkle, D., Beasley, D., Bess, F. Intelligibility of time-altered speech in relation to chronological aging. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1977, 20, 108–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurdziel, S. A., Noffsinger, D., Olsen, W. Performance by cortical lesion patients on 40 and 60% time-compressed material. Journal of the American Audiology Society, 1976, 2, 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenneberg, E. H. Biological foundations of language. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lescouflair, G. Critical view on audiometric screening in school. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1975, 101, 469–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, N. Otitis media and linguistic incompetence. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1976, 102, 387–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, N., Dugdale, A., Canty, A., Jerger, J. Open-ended tympanometric screening: a new concept. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1975, 101, 722–725.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liden, G., Kankkonen, A. Visual reinforcement audiometry. Acta Otolaryngologica (Stockholm), 1969, 67, 281–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ling, D., Ling, A., Doehring, D. Stimulus, response and observer variables in the audiotory screening of newborn infants. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1970, 3, 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, L. L., Spradlin, J. E., Reid, M. J. An operant audiometric procedure for difficult to test patients. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1968, 33, 236–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, G. E., Gilroy, J. Neuro-audiological abnormalities in patients with temporal lobe tumors. Journal of Neurological Science, 1972, 17, 167–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, G., Gilroy, J. Effects of brain lesions on the perception of monotic and dichotic speech stimuli in central auditory processing disorders. In M. Sullivan (Ed.), Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, May 23–24, 1974, (3rd printing). Omaha: University of Nebraska, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madell, J. Hearing aid evaluation procedures with children. In M. Rubin (Ed.), Hearing aids: current developments and concepts. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mast, T. Muscular versus cerebral sources for the short latency human evoked responses to clicks. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1965, 20, 725–730.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCandless, G. Special considerations in evaluating children and the aging for hearing aids. In M. Rubin (Ed.), Hearing aids: current developments and concepts. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCandless, G. Electrophysiologic measurement in the assessment of the young child. In F. Bess (Ed.), Childhood deafness: causation, assessment and management. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, F. Children with hearing disabilities. In L. Dunn (Ed.), Exceptional children in the schools (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlan, D. The voice test of hearing. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1927, 5, 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mencher, G. Infant hearing screening: the state of the art. Maico Audiological Series, 1974, 12, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mencher, G. T. Early identification of hearing loss, proceedings of the Nova Scotia conference. Basil, Switzerland: S. Karger, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mencher, G. T., McCulloch, B. F. Auditory screening of kindergarten children, using the VASC. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1970, 35, 241–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C., Morse, P. The “heart” of categorical speech discrimination in young infants. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1976, 19, 578–589.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mokotoff, B., Schulman-Galambos, C., Galambos, R. Brain stem auditory evoked responses in children. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1977, 103, 38–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J., Wilson, W., Thompson, G. Visual reinforcement of head-turn responses in infants under 12 months of age. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1977, 42, 328–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, P. The discrimination of speech and non speech stimuli in early infancy. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1972, 14, 477–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, P. Infant speech perception. In D. Sanders (Ed.), Auditory perception of speech, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse, P. A., Snowdon, C. T. An investigation of categorical speech discrimination by Rhesus monkeys. Perception Psychophysics, 1975, 17, 9–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • New Jersey Administrative Code. Title 6, Education. N.J.A.C. 6:28–1.1 et seq. adopted August 2, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • New Jersey Speech and Hearing Association, Guidelines for hearing screening,1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemeyer, W., Sesterhenn, G. Calculating the hearing threshold from the stapedial reflex for different sound stimuli. Audiology, 1974, 13, 421–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • North, F. A. Chapter 4. In W. Frankenburg B. W. Camp (Eds.), Pediatric screening tests. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Northern, J. L., Downs, M. P. Hearing in children ( 2nd ed. ). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, W. Acoustics and amplification in classrooms for the hearing impaired. In F. Bess (Ed.), Childhood deafness: Causation, assessment and management. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orchik, D., Dunn, J., McNutt, L. Tympanometry as a predictor of middle ear effusion. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1978, 104, 4–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paradise, J., Smith, C. L., Bluestone, C. Tympanometric detection of middle ear effusion in infants and young children. Pediatrics, 1976, 58, 198–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penfield, W., Roberts, L. Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton: University Press, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rees, N. Auditory processing factors in language disorders: the view from Procrustes’ bed. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1973, 38, 304–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riesen, A. H. Brain and behavior: session I. Symposium, 1959, 4: Effects of stimulus deprivation on the development and atrophy of the visual sensory system. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1960, 30, 23–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodel, M. Visual and auditory training for children. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, D., Keating, L., Hedgecock, L., Schreur, S., Muller, K. Aspects of acoustically evoked responses. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1971, 94, 347–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. Classroom acoustics and speech intelligibility. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (1st ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruhm, H., Walker, E., Flanigan, H. Acoustically-evoked potentials in man: mediation of early components. Laryngoscope, 1967, 77, 806–822.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schell, Y. Electroacoustic evaluation of hearing aids worn by public school children. Audiology and Hearing Education, 1976, 2 (6), 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulman, C. A. Heart rate response habituation in high risk premature infants. Psychobiology, 1970, 6, 690–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulman, C., Wade, G. The use of heart rate in the audiological evaluation of non verbal children: II Clinical trials on an infant population. Neuropaediatrie,1970, 2,187–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulman-Galambos, C., Galambos, R. Brain stem auditory evoked responses in premature infants. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research,1975, 18,456–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, D., Larson V. A comparison of three hearing aid evaluation procedures for young children. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1977, 103, 401–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, D. M., Sanders, J. Critical bandwidth and sensitivity prediction in the acoustic stapedial reflex. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1976, 41, 244–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seidemann, M., Givens, G. Tympanometric assessment of Eustachian tube potency in children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1977, 42, 487–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, F. B., Russ, F. Automated newborn screening: the crib-o-gram, Archives of Otolaryngology, 1974, 100, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, P. Electroencephalic response audiometry. In J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, P., Glattke, T. J. Electrophysiologic response audiometry: state of the art. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1977, 42, 170–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Speaks, C. Dichotic listening: a clinical or research tool in central auditory processing disorders. In M. Sullivan (Ed.), Proceedings of a conference held at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, May 23–24, 1974 (3rd printing). Omaha: University of Nebraska, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, T., Ogiba, Y. Conditioned orientation audiometry. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1961, 74, 192–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, G. J. An experimental study of tests for the detection of auditory malingering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 1949, 14, 119–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, D., Mencher, G. Neonate response: the effect of infant state and auditory stimuli. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1972, 95, 120–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Topp, S. Abnormal central auditory processing. In B. Jaffe (Ed.), Hearing loss in children. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, D. B., Webster, M. Neonatal sound deprivation affects brain stem auditory nuclei. Archives of Otolaryngology, 1977, 103, 392–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willeford, J. Central auditory function in children with learning disabilities. Audiology and Hearing Education, 1976, 2 (2), 12–20.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Willeford, J. Assessing central auditory behavior in children: a test battery approach. In R. Keith (Ed.), Central auditory dysfunction. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wernicke, C. Der aphasische Symptomenkomplex. Eine psychologische Studie auf anatomische Basis. Breslau: Cohn Wright, 1874.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, E. Children’s performance on the SSW and Willeford battery: interim clinical data. In R. Keith (Ed.), Central auditory dysfunction. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaner, A. Differential diagnosis of hearing impairment in children: developmental approaches to clinical assessment. Journal of Communication Disorders, 1974, 7, 17–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaner, A. Hearing aids for infants and children: noninstrumental selection criteria. In M. Rubin (Ed.), Hearing aids: Current developments and concepts. Baltimore: University Park Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zaner, A.R., Purn, J.M. (1981). Auditory Problems in Children. In: Rieber, R.W. (eds) Communication Disorders. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9760-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9760-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9762-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9760-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics