Abstract
Since 1980 I have written a number of papers on how philosophy of science themes relate to statistical practices. My earliest and latest efforts in this regard have exposed and criticized the pervasive influence of classical empiricism on multivariate statistical practice (Mulaik 1985, 1987a, 1988, 1991a, in press). Classical multivariate statistics, I argue, are but mathematical emulations of the associative processes that empiricism postulated were the basis by which we acquire knowledge. But empiricism is no longer the received view of the philosophy of science and should no longer be the philosophical foundation on which multivariate statistical practice rests.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baker, G. P. (1974). Criteria. A new foundation for semantics. Ratio, 16, 156–189.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Hills, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Bennett, P. W. (1986). Wittgenstein and defining criteria. In J. V. Canfield, (Ed.), Thephilosophy of Wittgenstein: Criteria. (Vol. 7, pp. 373–387 ). New York: Garland Press.
Birkeland, J. (1949). Microbiology and man. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
Canfield, J. V. (1986). The grammar of grammar. In J. V. Canfield, (Ed.), The philosophy of Wittgenstein: Logical necessity and rules. (Vol. 10, pp. 138–172 ). New York: Garland
Press, 1986. [Originally published in Canfield, J. V. (1971). Wittgenstein, language and world (pp. 172–203, 225–226)].
Ellington, J. The unity of Kant’s thought in his philosophy of nature. In I. Kant, Metaphysical foundations of natural science. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1970.
Friedrich, C. J. (1949). Introduction. The philosophy of Kant: Immanuel Kant’s moral and political writings. New York: The Modern Library/Random House.
Garrison, J. W. (1986). Some principles of postpositivistic philosophy of science. Educational Researcher, 15, 12–18.
Hacker, P. M. S. (1986). Insight and illusion: Themes in the philosophy of Wittgenstein. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Henrich, D. (1989). Kant’s notion of a deduction and the methodological background of the first critique. In E. Förester, (Ed.), Kant’s transcendental deductions. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Herder, J. G. (1967). Essay on The Origin of Language. In On the origin of language, A. Gode, trans. New York: F. Ungar.
Kant, I. (1965). [The critique of pure reason]. Tra. N. K. Smith. New York: St. Martin’s Press, [Originally published 1781 as Critik der reinen Vernunft. Riga: Friedrich Hartknoch. Revised in 1787 ].
Kant, I. (1911). [Critique of judgment]. Werner S. Pluhar, trans. Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Co. ( Originally published in Prussia in 1790 ).
Kant, I. (1970). [Metaphysical foundations of natural science]. J. Ellington trans. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill. [Original published 1786 as Die metaphysichen Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft].
Kant, I. (1977). [Prolegomena to any future metaphysics]. P. Carus, trans. 1902; revised by J. Ellington. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co. [Originally published 1783 ]
Kant, I. (1988). [Logic]. R. S. Hartman and W. Schwarz, trans. New York: Dover Publications, 1988. [Originally published 1800 as Immanuel Kants Logik: Ein Handbuch zu Vorlesungen. Königsberg: Friedrich Nicolovius.]
Magill, F. N., & McGreal, I. P. (Eds.) (1961). The analysis of the sensations-Ernst Mach. In Masterpieces of World Philosophy in Summary Form. New York: Harper and Row.
Mulaik, S. A. (1985). Exploratory statistics and empiricism. Philosophy of Science, 52, 410–430.
Mulaik, S. A. (1986). Toward a synthesis of deterministic and probabilistic formulations of causal relations by the functional relation concept. Philosophy of Science, 53, 313–332.
Mulaik, S A (1987a). Toward a conception of causality applicable to experimentation and causal modeling. Child Development, 58, 18–32.
Mulaik, S. A. (1987b). A brief history of the philosophical foundations of exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 22, 267–305.
Mulaik, S. A. (1988). Confirmatory factor analysis. In R. B. Cattell, and J. R. Nesselroade, (Eds.), Handbook of Multivariate Experimental Psychology. New York: Plenum.
Mulaik, S. A. (1990). Blurring the distinctions between component analysis and common factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 53–59.
Mulaik, S. A. (1991). Factor analysis, information-transforming instruments, and objectivity: A reply and discussion. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 42, 87100.
Mulaik, S. A. (in press). The critique of pure statistics. In B. Thompson (Ed.), Advances in social science methodology, Volume 3,Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S. and Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 430–445.
Mulaik, S. A. and McDonald, R. P. (1978). The effect of additional variables on factor indeterminacy in models with a single common factor. Psychometrika, 43, 177–192.
Mulholland, L. A. (1990). Kant’s system of rights. New York: Columbia University Press.
Pearson, K. (1911). The grammar of science. Part I: Physical. London: Adam and Charles Black [Originally published 1892 ]
Rosenberg, J. F. (1986). The thinking self. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Rousseau, J. J. (1967). Essay on the origin of language. In J. Moran, Trans., On the origin of language. (First published posthumously in 1781 ).
Rousseau, J. J. (1762/1913). The Social Contract. G. D. H. Cole (translator). London: J. M. Dent. (Originally published 1762.)
Schouls, P. A. (1980). The imposition of method: A study of Descartes and Locke. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Schwyzer, H. (1990). The unity of understanding. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Macmillan. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Knopf.
Suter, R. (1989). Interpreting Wittgenstein. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple factor analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Williams, M. (1990). Wittgenstein, Kant, and the “Metaphysics of Experience.” Kant-Studien, 81, 69–88.
Williams, T. C. (1987). The unity of Kant’s critique of pure reason. Lewiston/Queenston: The Edwin Mellen Press.
Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations. New York: Macmillan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mulaik, S.A. (1994). Kant, Wittgenstein, Objectivity, and Structural Equations Modeling. In: Reynolds, C.R. (eds) Cognitive Assessment. Perspectives on Individual Differences. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9730-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9730-5_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9732-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9730-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive