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Mechanisms and Treatment of Raynaud’s Disease and Phenomenon

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Clinical Applied Psychophysiology

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Abstract

Raynaud’s phenomenon is characterized by episodic digital vasospasms that are provoked by cold exposure or emotional stress or both (Freedman & Ianni, 1983a). Estimates of its prevalence range from 4.3% of female respondents to a questionnaire study in North Carolina to 19% of female patients of general practitioners in the United Kingdom (Weinrich, Maricq, Keil, McGregor, & Diat, 1990; Simian, Holligan, Brennan, & Madison, 1990). The corresponding estimates for males were 2.7% and 11%, respectively.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. C. S. Mott Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Robert R. Freedman

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  1. Robert R. Freedman
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

    John G. Carlson

  2. Behavioral Institute of Altanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    A. Ronald Seifert

  3. Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Niels Birbaumer

  4. Department of General Psychology, Universitá degli Studi, Padova, Italy

    Niels Birbaumer

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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Freedman, R.R. (1994). Mechanisms and Treatment of Raynaud’s Disease and Phenomenon. In: Carlson, J.G., Seifert, A.R., Birbaumer, N. (eds) Clinical Applied Psychophysiology. The Plenum Series in Behavioral Psychophysiology and Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9703-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9703-9_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9705-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9703-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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