Abstract
The appearance of a liver hepatocellular neoplasm is always preceded by the development of histochemically detectable hepatocyte focal lesions (HFL) which are believed to be related to the development of hepatoma (for recent reviews: Bannasch1, Moore and Kitagawa2, Farber and Sarma3). A large discrepancy, however, usually exists between the number of HFL and the number of tumors per liver. Since initiation is thought as an irreversible step in the natural history of neoplasia and HFL are considered a cell population derived from initiated hepatocytes4, HFL as such should be stable in time, i.e. they should not disappear after withdrawal of the inducing carcinogen(s). This has been actually observed in some models of liver carcinogenesis5–7. In others, however, many of the HFL present at the end of the carcinogen administration cycle seem to disappear with time8–10.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
P. Bannasch, Preneoplastic lesions as end points in carcinogenicity testing, l, Hepatic preneoplasia, Carcinogenesis 7:698 (1986).
M. A. Moore and T. Kitagawa, Hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat: The effect of promoters and carcinogens in vivo and in vitro, Int. Rev. Cytol. 101:125 (1986).
E. Farber and D. S. R. Sarma, Biology of disease, Hepatocarcinogenesis: a dynamic cellular perspective, Lab. Invest. 56:A (1987).
D. B. Solt, E. Cayama, D. S. R. Sarma and E. Farber, Persistence of resistant putative preneoplastic hepatocytes induced by N-Nitrosodiethylamine or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, Cancer Res. 40:1112 (1980).
E. Scherer, M. Hoffmann, P. Emmelot and M. Friedrich-Freksa, Quantitative study on foci of altered liver cells induced in the rat by a single dose of diethylnitrosamine and partial hepatectomy, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 49:93 (1972).
A. M. Moore, D. Mayer and P. Bannasch, The dose dependence and sequential appearance of putative preneoplastic populations induced in the rat liver by stop experiments with N-nitrosomorpholine, Carcinogenesis 3:1429 (1982).
T. Goldsworthy, M. A. Campbell and M. C. Pitot, The natural history and dose response characteristics of enzyme altered foci in rat liver following phenobarbital and diethylnitrosamine administration, Carcinogenesis 5:67 (1984).
G. M. Williams and K. Watanabe, Quantitative kinetics of development of N-2 fluorenylecetamide-induced altered hyperplastic hepatocellular foci resistant to iron accumulation and of the reversion or persistence following removal of carcinogen, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 61:113 (1978).
M. Tatematsu, Y. Nagamine and E. Farber, Redifferentiation as a basis for remodeling of carcinogen induced hepatocytes nodules to normal appearing liver, Cancer Res. 43:5049 (1983).
K. Enomoto and E. Farber, Kinetics of phenotypic maturation or remodeling of hyperplastic nodules during liver carcinogenesis, Cancer Res. 42:2330 (1982).
G. Malvaldi, E. Chieli and M. Saviozzi, Promotive effects of thiobenzamide on liver carcinogenesis, Gann 74:469 (1983).
G. Malvaldi, E. Chieli and M. Saviozzi, Characterization of the promoting activity of Thiobenzamide on liver carcinogenesis, Toxicol. Pathol. 14:370 (1986).
N. Hirota and G. M. Williams, The sensitivity and heterogeneity of histochemical markers for altered foci involved in liver carcinogenesis, Anu. J. Pathol. 95:317 (1979).
A. M. Rutenburg, M. Kim, J. W. Fischbein, J. S. Hanker, H. L. Wasserkrug and A. M. Seligman, Histochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of gamma glutamyltranspeptidase activity, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 17:517 (1969).
M. A. Campbell, H. C. Pitot, V. R. Potter and B. A. Laishes, Application of quantitative stereology to the evaluation of enzyme altered foci in rat liver, Cancer Res. 41:465 (1982).
T. D. V. Swinscow, “Statistics at square one”, British Medical Association, London (1978).
M. A. Moore, M. J. Hacker and P. Bannasch, Phenotypic instability in focal and nodular lesions induced in a short-term system in the rat liver, Carcinogenesis 4:595 (1983).
M. Tatematsu, T. Takano, R. Hasegawa, K. Imaida, J. Nakanowatari and N. Ito, A sequential quantitative study of the reversibility or irreversibility of liver hyperplastic nodules in rats exposed to hepatocarcinogens, Gann 71:483 (1980).
A. Columbano, G. M. Ledda-Columbano, P. M. Rao, S. Rajalakshmi and D. S. R. Sarma, Occurrence of cell death (apoptosis) in preneoplastic and neoplastic liver cells, Am. J. Pathol. 116:441 (1984).
W. Bursch, B. Lauer, I. Timmermann-Troisiener, G. Barthel, J. Schuppler and R. Schulte-Hermann, Controlled death (apoptosis) of normal and putative preneoplastic cells in rat liver following withdrawal of tumor promoters, Carcinogenesis 5:453 (1984).
A. H. Wyllie, J. F. R. Kerr and A. R. Currie, Cell death: the significance of apoptosis, Int. Rev. Cytol. 68:251 (1980).
R. G. Cameron, K. Imaida, H. Tsuda and H. Ito, Promotive effects of steroids and bile acids on hepatocarcinogenesis initiated by diethylnitrosamine, Cancer Res. 42:2426 (1982).
C. Peraino, E. F. Staffeldt, B. A. Carnes, V. A. Ludeman, J. A. Blomquist and S. V. Vesselinovitch, Characterization of histochemically detectable altered hepatocyte foci and their relationship to hepatic tumorigenesis in rats treated once with diethylnitrosamine or Benzo(a)-pyrene withine one day after birth, Cancer Res. 44:3340 (1984).
T. L. Goldsworthy and H. C. Pitot, The quantitative analysis and stability of histochemical markers of altered hepatic foci in rat liver following initiation by diethylnitrosamine administration and promotion with phenobarbital, Carcinogenesis 6:1261 (1985).
M. D. Estadella, M. J. Pujol and J. Domingo, Enzyme pattern and growth rate of liver preneoplastic clones during carcinogenesis by diethylnitrosamine, Oncology 41:276 (1984).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Malvaldi, G., Chieli, E., Marradi, A., Saviozzi, M. (1988). Long-Term Fate of the Hepatocyte Hyperplastic Foci Induced by a Two Stage Carcinogenetic Protocol. In: Feo, F., Pani, P., Columbano, A., Garcea, R. (eds) Chemical Carcinogenesis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9640-7_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9640-7_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9642-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9640-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive