Abstract
The transfer of genetic information between sexually incompatible species creates unique experimental opportunities for geneticists and cell biologists. This is especially true of plant somatic cell fusion because the totipotency of plant cells makes it possible to grow fusion products into mature plants (reviewed by Gleba and Sytnik, 1984; Vasil and Vasil, 1980). Although Carlson et al. (1972) reported recovering the first interspecific plant hybrid through protoplast fusion in 1972, subsequent progress in this field has been slower than originally hoped. This problem is due to several biological and technical barriers. This chapter describes our progress in the application of electrofusion to plant somatic hybridization (see Bates et al., 1983; Bates, 1985; Bates and Hasenkampf, 1985) and suggests solutions to some of the problems in this field.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aviv, D., and Galun, E., 1984, The feeder layer technique, in: Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, Vol. 1 (I. K. Vasil, ed.), pp. 199–203, Academic Press, New York.
Bates, G. W., 1985, Electrical fusion for optimal formation of protoplast heterokaryons in Nicotiana, Planta 165:217–224.
Bates, G. W., and Hasenkampf, C. A., 1985, Culture of plant somatic hybrids following electrical fusion, Theor. Appl. Genet.70:277–233.
Bates, G. W., Gaynor, J. J., and Shekhawat, N. S., 1983, Fusion of plant protoplasts by electric fusion, Plant Physiol 72:1110–1113.
Brewbaker, J. L., Upadhya, M. D., Makinen, Y., and MacDonald, T., 1968, Isoenzyme polymorphism in flowering plants. 3. Gel electrophoretic methods and applications, Physiol Plant 121: 930–940.
Carlson, P. S., Smith, H. H., and Dearing, R. D., 1972, Parasexual interspecific plant hybridization, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A.69:2292–2294.
Chapel, M., Montane, M. H., Ranty, B., Teissie, J., and Alibert, G., 1986, Viable somatic hybrids obtained by direct current electrofusion of chemically aggregated plant protoplasts, FEBS Lett.196:79–86.
Constabel, F., Dudits, D., Gamborg, O. L., and Kao, K. N., 1975a, Nuclear fusion in intergeneric heterokaryons, a note, Can. J. Bot.53:2092–2095.
Constabel, F., Kirkpatrick, J. W., Kao, K. N., and Kartha, K. K., 1975b, The effect of canavanine on the growth of cells from suspension cultures and on intergeneric heterokaryocytes of canavanine sensitive and tolerant plants, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz.168:319–325.
Davey, M. R., and Kumar, A., 1983, Higher plant protoplasts—retrospect and prospect, in: Plant Protoplasts, International Review of Cytology, Supplement 16 (K. L. Giles, ed.), pp. 219–299, Academic Press, New York.
Evans, D. A., and Bravo, J. E., 1983, Plant protoplast isolation and culture, in: Plant Protoplasts, International Review of Cytology, Supplement 16 (K. L. Giles, ed.), pp. 33–53, Academic Press, New York.
Flores, H. E., Kaur-Sawhney, R., and Galston, A. W., 1981, Protoplasts as vehicles for plant propagation and improvement, Adv. Cell Culture 1:241–279.
Fluhr, R., Aviv, D., Galun, E., and Edelman, M., 1984, Generation of heteroplastidic Nicotiana cybrids by protoplast fusion: Analysis for plastid recombinant types, Theor. Appl. Genet.67:491–497.
Fraley, R. T., Rogers, S. G., Horsch, R. B., Sanders, P. R., Flick, J. S., Adams, S. P., Bittner, M. L., Brand, L. A., Fink, C. L., Fry, J. S., Galluppi, G. R., Goldberg, S. B., Hoffmann, N. L., and Woo, S. C., 1983, Expression of bacterial genes in plant cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.80:4803–4807.
Fromm, M., Taylor, L. P., and Walbot, V., 1985, Expression of genes electroporated into mon-ocot and dicot plant cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.82:5824–5828.
Gleba, Y. y, and Sytnik, K. M., 1984, Protoplast Fusion, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Glimelius, K., Eriksson, T., Grafe, R., and Muller, A. J., 1978, Somatic hybridization of nitrate reductase deficient mutants of Nicotiana tabacum by protoplast fusion, Physiol. Plant.44:273–277.
Horsch, R. B., and Jones, G. E., 1980, A double filter paper technique for plating cultured plant cells, In Vitro 16: 103–108.
Horsch, R. B., Fraley, R. T., Rogers, S. G., Sanders, P. R, Lloyd, A., and Hoffmann, N., 1984, Inheritance of functional foreign genes in plants, Science 223:496–498.
Horsch, R. B., Fry, J. E., Hoffmann, N. L., Eichholtz, D., Rogers, S. G., and Fraley, R. T., 1985, A simple and general method for transferring genes into plants, Science 227:1129–1231.
Kao, K. N., 1975a, A nuclear staining method for plant protoplasts, in: Plant Tissue Culture Methods (O. L. Gamborg and L. R. Wetter, eds.), pp. 60–62, Prairie Research Laboratory, Saskatoon.
Kao, K. N., 1975b, A method for fusion of plant protoplasts with polyethylene glycol, in: Plant Tissue Culture Methods (O. L. Gamborg and L. R. Wetter, eds.), pp. 22–27, Prairie Research Laboratory, Saskatoon.
Kao, K. N., 1977, Chromosomal behavior in somatic hybrids of soybean—Nicotiana glauca, Mol. Gen. Genet.150:225–230.
Kao, K. N., 1981, Plant protoplast fusion and somatic hybrids, in: Plant Tissue Culture (H. Han, ed.), pp. 331–339, Proceedings of the Beijing Symposium, Pitman, London.
Kao, K. N., and Michayluk, M. R., 1974, A method for high frequency intergeneric fusion of plant protoplasts, Planta 115: 355–367.
Kartha, K. K., Gamborg, O. L., Constabel, F., and Kao, K. N., 1974, Fusion of rapeseed and soybean protoplasts and subsequent division of heterokaryocytes, Can. J. Bot.52:2435–2436.
Kohn, H., Schieder, R., and Schieder, O., 1985, Somatic hybrids in tobacco mediated by electrofusion, Plant Sci.38:121–128.
Koop, H.-U., 1985, Regeneration of plants after electrofusion of selected pairs of protoplasts, Eur. J. Cell Biol.39:46–49.
Maliga, P., Lazar, G., Joo, F., Nagy, A H., and Menczel, L., 1977, Restoration of morpho-genetic potential in Nicotiana by somatic hybridization, Mol. Gen. Genet.157:291–296.
Menczel, L., Galiba, G., Nagy, F., and Maliga, P., 1982, Effect of radiation dosage on efficiency of chloroplast transfer by protoplast fusion in Nicotiana, Genetics 100:487–495.
Miller, R. A., Gamborg, O. L., Keller, W. A., and Kao, K.N., 1971, Fusion and division of nuclei in multinculeated soybean protoplasts, Can. J. Genet. Cytol.13:347–353.
Morikawa, H., Sugino, K., Hayashi, Y., Takeda, J., Senda, M., Hirai, A., and Yamada, Y., 1986, Interspecific plant hybridization by electrofusion in Nicotiana, Biotechnology 4: 57–60.
Nagy, J. I., and Maliga, P., 1976, Callus induction and plant regeneration from protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris, Z. Pflanzenphysiol.78:453–455.
Negrutiu, I., DeBrouwer, D., Watts, J. W., Sidorov, V. I., Dirks, R., and Jacobs, M., 1986, Fusion of plant protoplasts: a study using auxotrophic mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viviani, Theor. Appl. Genet.72:279–286.
Pohl, H. A., 1978, Dielectrophoresis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Potrykus, I., Paszkowsi, J., Saul, M. W., Petruska, J., and Shillito, R. D., 1985a, Molecular and general genetics of a hybrid foreign gene introduced into tobacco by direct gene transfer, Mol. Gen. Genet.199:169–177.
Potrykus, I., Saul, M. W., Petruska, J., Paszkowski, J., and Shillito, R. D., 1986, Direct gene transfer to cells of a graminaceous monocot, Mol. Gen. Genet.199:183–188.
Power, J. B., Berry, S. F., Frearson, E. M., and Cocking, E. C., 1977, Selection procedures for the production of inter-species somatic hybrids of Petunia hybrida and Petunia parodii, Plant Sci. Lett.7:51–55.
Puite, K. J., van Wikselaar, P., and Verhoeven, H., 1985, Electrofusion, a simple and reproducible technique in somatic hybridization of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia mutants, Plant Cell Rep.4:274–276.
Scheurich, P., and Zimmermann, U., 1981, Giant human erythrocytes by electric-field-induced cell-to-cell fusion, Naturwissenschaften 68: 45–47.
Shillito, R. D., Paszkowski, J., and Potrykus, I., 1983, Agarose plating and a bead type culture technique enable and stimulate development of protoplast-derived colonies in a number of plant species, Plant Cell Rep.2:244–247.
Sidorov, V. A., Menczel, L., Nagy, F., and Maliga, P., 1981, Chloroplast transfer in Nicotiana based on metabolic complementation between irradiated and iodoacetate treated protoplasts, Planta 152: 341–345.
Tempelaar, M. J., and Jones, M. G. K., 1985a, Directed electrofusion between protoplasts with different responses in a mass fusion system, Plant Cell Rep.4:92–95.
Tempelaar, M. J., and Jones, M. G. K., 1985b, Fusion characteristics of plant protoplasts in electric fields, Planta 165: 205–216.
Vasil, I. K., and Vasil, V., 1980, Isolation and culture of protoplasts, Int. Rev. Cytol. (Suppl.) 11A: 1–20.
Vienken, J., and Zimmermann, U., 1982, Electric field-induced fusion: Electro-hydraulic procedure for production of heterokaryon cells in high yield, FEBS Lett.137:11–13.
Watts, J. W., and King, J. M., 1984, A simple method for large-scale electrofusion and culture of plant protoplasts, Biosci. Rep.4:335–342.
Zimmermann, U., 1982, Electric field-mediated fusion and related electrical phenomena, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 694:227–277.
Zimmermann, U., and Scheurich, P., 1981, High frequency fusion of plant protoplasts by electric fields, Planta 151: 26–32.
Zimmermann, U., Buchner, K. H., and Arnold, W. M., 1984, Electrofusion of cells: recent developments and relevance for evolution, in: Charge and Field Effects in Biosystems (M. J. Allen and P. N. R. Usherwood, eds.), pp. 293–318, Abacus Press, Normal, Ill.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bates, G.W., Nea, L.J., Hasenkampf, C.A. (1987). Electrofusion and Plant Somatic Hybridization. In: Sowers, A.E. (eds) Cell Fusion. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9598-1_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9598-1_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9600-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9598-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive