Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutrition and Human Cancer

  • Chapter
Cancer and Nutrition

Part of the book series: Human Nutrition ((HUNU,volume 7))

Abstract

The role of diet in human carcinogenesis began to receive serious attention in the early twentieth century, following the demonstration that a number of dyes used as food colorants were carcinogenic in animals. The potential hazard of food additives and contaminants became of general concern by the mid-1930s and motivated much of the deliberations of the joint World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization (WHO/ FAO) Committee on food additives and pesticides in the postwar period (1958). This concern in the United States culminated in the 1958 passage of Public Law 85–929, known as the Delaney Amendment. Nonetheless, with the possible exception of aflatoxin, no animal carcinogen in food has been unequivocally demonstrated to produce cancer in humans following ingestion. Thus, despite their number, and after intensive examination, it has been concluded by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) that food additives and contaminants do not account for a significant number of human cancers (1982). However, interpretation of data from animal studies on carcinogens in the diet remains of great importance for regulatory policies at both the national and international level.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acheson, E. D., and Doll, R., 1964, Dietary factors in carcinoma of the stomach: A study of 100 cases and 200 controls, Gut 5: 126–131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ames, B. N., 1983, Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens, oxygen radicals and degenerative diseases, Science 221: 1256–1264.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, B., and Doll, R., 1975, Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practice, Int. J. Cancer 15: 617–631.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, B., Garrod, A., and Doll, R., 1976, A retrospective study of renal cancer with special reference to coffee and animal protein consumption, Br. J. Cancer 33: 127–136.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, D. F., 1982, Larynx, in: Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ( D. Schottenfeld and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., eds.), Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 554–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartsch, H., Ohshima, H., Munoz, N., Crespi, M., Cassale, V., Ramazotti, V., Lambert, R., Minaire, Y., Forichon, J., and Walters, C. L., 1984, In vivo nitrosation, precancerous lesions and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract: On-going studies and preliminary results, in: N-Nitroso Compounds: Occurrence, Biological Effects and Relevance to Human Cancer, IARC Scientific Publications No. 57 (I. K. O’Neill, R. C. von Borstel, J. E. Long, C. T. Miller, and H. Bartsch, eds.), International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, pp. 955–962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, H. G., Asp, N. G., Oste, R., Dahlqvist, A., and Fredlund, P. E., 1979, Effect of dietary fiber on the induction of colorectal tumors and fecal glucuronidase activity in the rat, Cancer Res. 39: 3752–3756.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beasley, R. P., Lin, C. C., Hwan, L. Y., and Chien, C. S., 1981, Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus: A prospective study of 22,707 men in Taiwan, Lancet 2: 1129–1133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, J. W., and Howell, M. A., 1974, The geographic pathology of bowel cancer, Cancer 34: 805–814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, S., Williams, D. R., Cole, T. J., and James, W. P., 1979, Dietary fibre and regional large-bowel cancer mortality in Britain, Br. J. Cancer 40: 456–463.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, S. A., Williams, D. R. R., and Cummings, J. H., 1985, Dietary fibre consumption in Britain; New estimates and their relation to large bowel cancer mortality, Br. J. Cancer 52: 399–402.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bjelke, E., 1974, Epidemiologic studies of cancer of the stomach, colon and rectum with special emphasis on the role of diet, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 31: [Suppl.] 1–235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, A., and Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., 1978, Geographic patterns of prostate cancer in the United States, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 61: 1379–1384.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broitman, S. A., Vitale, J. J., Vavrousek-Jakuba, E., and Gottlieb, L. S., 1977, Polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol and large bowel tumorigenesis, Cancer 40: 2455–2463.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broitman, S. A., Velez, H., and Vitale, J. J., 1981, A possible role of iron deficiency in gastric cancer in Colombia, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 135: 155–181.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burkitt, D. P., 1971, Epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum, Cancer 28: 3–13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. K., 1975, Experimental evidence of dietary factors and hormone-dependent cancers, Cancer Res. 35: 3374–3383.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. K., 1980, Lipids and carcinogenesis, J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 3 (4): 253–271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. K., 1984, Influence of diet on mammary cancer, Nutr. Cancer 2: 232–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. K., and Khor, H. T., 1970, Effects of dietary fat and dose level of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene on mammary tumor incidence in rats, Cancer Res. 30: 2260–2264.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. K., and Khor, H. T., 1971, Effects of level and type of dietary fat on incidence of mammary tumors induced in female Sprague—Dawley rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, Lipids 6: 415–420.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, K. K., and Khor, H. T., 1975, Dietary fat in relation to tumorigenesis, Prog. Biochem. Pharmacol. 10: 308–353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook-Mozaffari, P. J., Azordegan, F., Day, N. E., Ressicaud, A., Sabai, D., and Aramesh, B., 1979, Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: Results of a case—control study, Br. J. Cancer 39: 293–309.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correa, P., Haenszel, W., Cuello, W., Tannenbaum, S., and Archer, M., 1975, A model for gastric cancer epidemiology, Lancet 2: 58–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correa, P., Cuello, C., Fajardo, L. F., Haenszel, W., Bolanos, O., and de Raminez, B., 1983, Diet and gastric cancer: Nutrition survey in a high risk area, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 70: 673–678.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. H., 1985, Cancer of the large bowel, in: Dietary Fiber, Fiber-Depleted Foods and Disease ( H. S. Trowell, D. Burkitt, and K. W. Heaton, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 161–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. H., 1986, Dietary carbohydrates and cancer, Nutr. Cancer 8: 10–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. H., Southgate, D. A. T., Branch, W., Houston, H., Jenkins, D. J., and James, W. P., 1978, Colonic response to dietary fibre from carrot, cabbage, apple, bran and guar gum, Lancet 1: 5–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. H., Englyst, H. N., and Wood, R., 1985, Determination of dietary fibre in cereals and cereal products. Collaborative Trials. Part I. Initial Trial, J. Assoc. Off. Publ. Analysts 23: 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dales, L. G., Friedman, G. D., Ury, H. K., Grossman, S., and Williams, S. R., 1979, A case–control study of relationships of diet and other traits to colorectal cancer in American blacks, Am. J. Epidemiol. 109: 132–144.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Day, N. E., Munoz, N., and Ghadirian, P., 1982, The epidemiology of oesophageal cancer: A review, in: Epidemiology of Cancer of the Digestive Tract ( P. Correa and W. Haenszel, eds.), Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, pp. 21–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Jong, U. W., Breslow, N., Hong, J. G. E., Sridharan, M., and Shanmugaratnam, K., 1974, Aetiological factors in oesophageal cancer in Singapore Chinese, Int. J. Cancer 13: 291–303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delaney Amendment, Food Additives Amendment of 1958 to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Public Law 85–929, Sept. 6, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Waard, F., 1986, Dietary fat and mammary cancer, Nutr. Cancer 8: 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Waard, F., and Baanders-van Halewijn, E. A., 1974, A prospective study in general practice on breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, Int. J. Cancer 14: 153–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doll, R., and Peto, R., 1981, The causes of cancer: Quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 66: 1192–1308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drasar, B. S., and Irving, D., 1973, Environmental factors and cancer of the colon and breast, Br. J. Cancer 27: 167–172.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dungal, H., 1961, The special problem of cancer of the stomach in Iceland, J.A.M.A. 178: 789–798.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enig, M. G., Munn, R. J., and Keeney, M., 1978, Dietary fat and cancer trends—A critique, Fed. Proc. 37: 2215–2220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enstrom, J. E., 1975a, Cancer mortality among Mormons, Cancer 36: 325–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enstrom, J. E., 1975b, Colorectal cancer and consumption of beef and fat, Br. J. Cancer 32: 432–439.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Enstrom, J. E., 1980, Health and dietary practices and cancer mortality among California Mormons, in: Cancer Incidence in Defined Populations, Banbury Report 4 ( J. Cairns, J. L. Lyon, and M. Skolnick, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 69–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinleib, M., 1983, Review of the epidemiological evidence for a possible relatinship between hypocholesterolemia and cancer, Cancer Res. 43 [Suppl.]: 2503s - 2507s.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, P., 1985, Nitrates: Epidemiological evidence, in: Interpretation of Negative Epidemiological Evidence for Carcinogenicity, IARC Scientific Publication No. 65 ( N. J. Wald and R. Doll, eds.), International Agency for Cancer Research, Lyon, pp. 183–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, G. D., Blaner, W. S., Goodman, D. S., Vogelman, J. H., Brind, J. L., Hoover, R., Fireman, B. H., and Orentreich, N., 1986, Serum retinol and retinol-binding protein levels do not predict subsequent lung cancer, Am. J. Epidemiol. 123: 781–899.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaskill, S. P., McGuire, W. L., Osborne, C. K., and Stern, M. P., 1979, Breast cancer mortality and diet in the United States, Cancer Res. 39: 3628–3637.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geboers, J., Joossens, J. V., and Carroll, K. K., 1985a, Introductory remarks to the consensus statement on provisional dietary guidelines, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis (J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill, and J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, pp. 337–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geboers, J., Joossens, J. V., Kesteloot, H., 1985b, Epidemiology of stomach cancer, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis ( J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill, and J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, pp. 81–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghadirian, P., Stein, G., Gorodestzky, C., Roberfroid, M., Mahon, G. A. T., Bartsch, H., and Day, N. E., 1985, Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: Some residual results, including opium use as a risk factor, Int. J. Cancer 35: 593–597.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glauert, H. P., Bennink, M. R., and Sander, C. H., 1981, Enhancement of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice by dietary agar, Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 19: 281–286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gori, G. B. (ed.), 1986a, A symposium: Proceedings of a Joint ECP–IUNS Workshop on Diet and Human Carcinogenesis (Aarhus, Denmark: June, 1985), Nutr. Cancer 8:1–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gori, G. B. (ed.), 1986b, Consensus statement on provisional dietary guidelines, Nutr. Cancer 8:39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., 1983a, Results of case–control studies of diet and cancer in Buffalo, New York, Cancer Res. 43: [Suppl.] 2409s - 2413s.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., 1983b, Toward a dietary prevention of cancer, Epidemiol. Rev. 5: 38–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., 1983c, Diet and cancer: Epidemiologic aspects, in: Reviews in Cancer Epidemiology, Vol. 2 ( A. M. Lilienfield, ed.), Elsevier, New York, pp. 1–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., Schotz, W., and Martino, P., 1972, Alimentary factors in the epidemiology of gastric cancer, Cancer 30: 927–938.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., Dayal, H., Swanson, M., Mittelman, A., and Wilkinson, G., 1978, Diet in the epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 61: 709–714.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., Mettlin, C., Marshall, J., Priore, R., Rzepka, T., and Shedd, D., 1981, Dietary factors in the epidemiology of cancer of the larynx, Am. J. Epidemiol. 113: 675–680.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., Marshall, J., Mettlin, C., Rzepka, T., Nemoto, T., and Byers, T., 1982, Diet in the epidemiology of breast cancer, Am. J. Epidemiol. 116: 68–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, G. E., Pike, M. C., and Henderson, B. E., 1979, Breast-cancer incidence and mortality rates in different countries in relation to known risk factors and dietary practices, Br. J. Cancer 39: 1–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregor, O., Toman, R., and Prusova, F., 1969, Gastrointestinal cancer and nutrition, Gut 10: 1031–1034.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haenszel, W., 1961, Cancer mortality among the foreign-born in the United States, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 26: 37–132.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haenszel, W., and Dawson, E. A., 1965, A note on mortality from cancer of the colon and rectum in the United States, Cancer 18: 265–272.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haenszel, W., Kurihara, M., Segi, M., and Lee, R. K. C., 1972, Stomach cancer among Japanese in Hawaii, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 49: 969–988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haenszel, W., Berg, J. W., Segi, M., Kurihara, M., and Locke, F. B., 1973, Large bowel cancer in Hawaiian Japanese, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51: 1765–1779.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haenszel, W., Locke, F. B., and Segi, M., 1980, A case—control study of large bowel cancer in Japan, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 64: 17–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakama, M., and Saxén, E. A., 1967, Cereal consumption and gastric cancer, Int. J. Cancer 2: 265–268.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hems, G., 1978, The contribution of diet and child bearing to breast-cancer rates, Br. J. Cancer 37: 974–982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hems, G., 1980, Associations between breast-cancer mortality rates, child-bearing and diet in the United Kingdom, Br. J. Cancer 41: 429–437.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hems, G., and Stuart, A., 1975, Breast cancer rates in populations of single women, Br. J. Cancer 31: 118–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higginson, J., 1956, Primary carcinoma of the liver in Africa, Br. J. Cancer 10: 609–622.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higginson, J., 1966, Etiological factors in gastro-intestinal cancer in man, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 37: 527–545.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higginson, J., 1982, Comments on the Diet, Nutrition and Cancer Report of the National Academy of Sciences 1982, in: Diet, Nutrition and Cancer: A critique, Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Special Pub. No. 13, pp. 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higginson, J., and Muir, C. S., 1979, Environmental carcinogenesis: Misconceptions and limitations to cancer control, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 63: 1291–1298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higginson, J., and Oettlé, A. G., 1960, Cancer incidence in the Bantu and “Cape Colored” races of South Africa: Report of a cancer survey in the Transvaal (1953–55), J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 24: 589–671.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, M. J., 1985, Mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis (J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill, and J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, pp. 149–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, P., Wynder, E. L., Helman, P., Hickman, R., Rona, G., and Kuno, K., 1976, Plasma hormone levels in different ethnic populations of women, Cancer Res. 36: 2297–2301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T., 1977, Changing patterns of cancer in Japan with special reference to the decrease in stomach cancer mortality, in: Origins of Human Cancer, Book A: Incidence of Cancer in Humans ( H. H. Hiatt, J. D. Watson, and J. A. Winsten, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 55–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T., 1978, Epidemiology of breast cancer with special reference to the role of diet, Prey. Med. 7: 173–195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T., 1979, Epidemiology of prostate cancer with special reference to the role of diet, Nat. Cancer Inst. Mono. 53: 149–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T., 1981, A large-scale cohort study on the relationship between diet and selected cancers of the digestive organs, in: Gastrointestinal Cancer, Endogenous Factors, Banbury Report 7 ( W. R. Bruce, P. Correa, M. Lipkin, S. R. Tannenbaum, and T. D. Wilkins, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 409–429.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T., 1982, Epidemiology of human carcinogenesis: A review of food-related diseases, in: Carcinogens and Mutagens in the Environment, Volume 1 ( H. F. Stich, ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 13–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirayama, T., 1985, Diet and cancer: Feasibility and importance of prospective cohort study, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis (J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill and J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, pp. 191–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoehn, S. and Carroll, K. K., 1979, Effects of dietary carbohydrate on the incidence of mammary tumors induced in rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, Nutr. Cancer 1: 27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, G. J., and Carroll, K. K., 1979, Relationship between amount and type of dietary fat in promotion of mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 62: 1009–1012.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horie, A., Kohchi, S., and Kuratsune, M., 1965, Carcinogenesis in the esophagus. II. Experimental production of esophageal cancer by administration of ethanolic solution of carcinogens, Gann 56: 429–441.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, M. A., 1974, Factor analysis of international cancer mortality data and per capita food consumption, Br. J. Cancer 29: 328–336.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, M. A., 1975, Diet as an etiological factor in the development of cancers of the colon and rectum, J. Chronic Dis. 28: 67–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huttunen, J. K., 1986, Vitamins, trace elements and cancer, Nutr. Cancer 8: 19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Intestinal Microecology Group, 1977, Dietary fibre, transit-time, faecal bacteria, steroids and colon cancer in two Scandinavian populations, Lancet 2: 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1985, Annual Report,Lyon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, K., Nakamura, K., Ozaki, H., Yamada, N., and Takeuchi, T., 1968, Epidemiological problems of pancreas cancer [In Japanese], Jpn. J. Clin. Med. 26: 1839–1842.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, L. R., and Lupton, J. R., 1986, Relationship between colonic luminal pH, cell proliferation, and colon carcinogenesis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine treated rats fed high fiber diets, Cancer Res. 46: 1727–1734.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, M., Cook, G. M., Grace, F. G., Howe, M. G., and Miller, A. B., 1980, A case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer, Int. J. Cancer 26: 757–768.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, O. M., 1985, The role of diet in colorectal cancer, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis ( J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill, J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, pp. 137–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, O. M., 1986, Coffee and cancer, in: Genetic Toxicology of the Diet, Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 287–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, O. M., Mosbech, J., Salaspuro, M., and Jhamäki, T., 1974, A comparative study of the diagnostic basis for cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum in Denmark and Finland, Int. J. Epidemiol. 3: 183–186.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, O. M., MacLennan, R., and Wahrendorf, J., 1982, Diet, bowel function, fecal characteristics, and large bowel cancer in Denmark and Finland, Nutr. Cancer 4: 5–19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joossens, J. V., 1986, Salt and cancer, Nutr. Cancer 8: 29–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joossens, J. V., Hill, M. J., and Geboers, J. (eds.), 1985, Diet and Human Carcinogenesis, Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Symposium of the European Organization for Cooperation in Cancer Prevention Studies (ECP), Aarhus, Denmark, June 19–21, Excerpta Medica, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jose, D. G., and Good, R. A., 1973, Quantitative effects of nutritional essential amino acid deficiency upon immune responses to tumors in mice, J. Exp. Med. 137: 1–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kannel, W. B., 1978, Recent findings of the Framingham Study, Resident Staff Physician 24: 56–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinlen, L. J., 1982, Meat and fat consumption and cancer mortality: Study of strict religious orders in Britain, Lancet 1: 946–949.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knox, E. G., 1977, Foods and diseases, Br. J. Prey. Soc. Med. 31: 71–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolonel, L. N., Nomura, A. M. Y., Hirohata, T., Hankin, J. H., and Hinds, M. W., 198la, Association of diet and place of birth with stomach cancer incidence in Hawaii Japanese and Caucasians, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34: 2478–2485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolonel, L. N., Hankin, J. H., Lee, J., Chu, S. Y., Nomura, A. M. Y., and Hinds, M. W., 1981b, Nutrient intakes in relation to cancer incidence in Hawaii, Br. J. Cancer 44: 332–339.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolonel, L. N., Nomura, A. M. Y., Hinds, M. W., Hirohata, T., Hankin, J. H., and Lee, J., 1983, Role of diet in cancer incidence in Hawaii, Cancer Res. 43 [Suppl.]: 2397–2402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., 1985, Dietary fiber and cancer, Nutr. Cancer 6: 213–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kritchevsky, D., Weber, M. M., and Klurfeld, D. M., 1984, Dietary fat versus caloric content in initiation and promotion of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats, Cancer Res. 44: 3174–3177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurihara, M., Aoki, K., and Tominaga, S. (eds.), 1984, Cancer Statistics in the World, University of Nagoya Press, Nagoya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lea, A. J., 1967, Neoplasms and environmental factors, Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 41: 432–438.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lilienfeld, A. M., 1981, The Humean fog: Cancer and cholesterol, Am. J. Epidemiol. 114: 1–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linsell, C. A., and Peers, F. G., 1977, Aflaxtoxin and liver cell cancer, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71: 471–477.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, K., Stamler, J., Moss, D., Garside, D., Persky, V., and Soltero, I., 1979, Dietary cholesterol, fat, and fibre, and colon cancer mortality: An analysis of international data, Lancet 2: 782–785.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenthal, J. P., (ed.), 1983, Workshop conference on nutrition in cancer causation and prevention, Cancer Res. 43[Suppl.]:2389s-2518s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubin, J. H., Blot, W. J., Burns, P. E., Ziegler, R. G., Lees, A. W., and, Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., 1981, Dietary factors and breast cancer risk, Int. J. Cancer 28: 685–689.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, J. L., and Sorenson, A. W., 1978, Colon cancer in a low-risk population, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31: S227 - S230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, J. L., Gardner, J. W., West, D. W., and Mahoney, A. M., 1983, Methodological issues in epidemiological studies of diet and cancer, Cancer Res. 43 [Suppl.]: 2392s - 2396s.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahboudi, E., and Sayed, G. M., 1982, Oval Cavity and Pharynx, in: Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ( D. Schottenfeld, and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., eds.), Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 583–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra, S. L., 1977, Dietary factors in a study of colon cancer from a cancer registry, with special reference to the role of saliva, milk and fermented milk products and vegetable fibre, Med. Hypotheses 3: 122–126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manousos, O., Day, N. E., Trichopoulos, D., Gerovassilis, F., Tzonou, A., and Polychronopoulou, A., 1983, Diet and colorectal cancer: A case—control study in Greece, Int. J. Cancer 32: 1–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, J., Graham, S., Mettlin, C., Shedd, D., and Swanson, M., 1982, Diet in the epidemiology of oral cancer, Nutri. Cancer 3: 145–149.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, J., Graham, S., Byers, T., Swanson, M., and Brasure, J., 1983, Diet and smoking in the epidemiology of cancer of the cervix, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 70: 847–851.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, I., Torres, R., Frias, Z., Colon, J. R., and Fernandez, N., 1979, Factors associated with adenocarcinomas of the large bowel in Puerto Rico, in: Advances in Medical Oncology, Research and Education, Volume 3 ( J. M. Birch, ed.), Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 45–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, T., Yoshida, D., Mizusaki, S., and Okamoto, H., 1977, Mutagenic activity of amino acid pyrolyzates in salmonella typhimurium TA 98, Mutat. Res. 48: 279–286.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, T., Yoshida, D., Mizusaki, S., and Okamoto, H., 1978, Mutagenicities of the pyrolyzates of peptides and proteins, Mutat. Res. 56: 281–288.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMichael, A. J., Jensen, O. M., Parkin, D. M., and Zaridze, D. G., 1984, Dietary and endogenous cholesterol and human cancer, Epidemiol. Rev. 6: 192–216.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meinsma, L., 1964, Nutrition and cancer, Voeding 25: 357–365.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mettlin, C., and Graham, S., 1979, Dietary risk factors in human bladder cancer, Am. J. Epidemiol. 110: 255–263.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mettlin, C., Graham, S., and Swanson, M., 1979, Vitamin A and lung cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 62: 1435–1438.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mettlin, C., Graham, S., Priore, R., and Swanson, M., 1980, Diet and cancer of the esophagus [Abstr.], Am. J. Epidemiol. 112: 422–423.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mettlin, C., Graham, S., Priore, R., Marshall, J., and Swanson, M., 1981, Diet and cancer of the esophagus, Nutr. Cancer 2: 143–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. B., Kelly, A., Choi, N. W., Matthews, V., Morgan, R. W., Munan, L., Burch, J. D., Feather, J., Howe, G. R., and Jain, M., 1978, A study of diet and breast cancer, Am. J. Epidemiol. 107: 499–509.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. B., Howe, G. R., Jain, M., Craib, K. J. P., and Harrison, L., 1983, Food items and food groups as risk factors in a case—control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer, Int. J. Cancer 32: 155–161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modan, B., Lubin, F., Barell, V., Greenberg, R. A., Modan, M., and Graham, S., 1974, The role of starches in the etiology of gastric cancer, Cancer 34: 2087–2092.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Modan, B., Barell, V., Lubin, F., Modan, M., Greenberg, R. A., and Graham, S., 1975, Low-fiber intake as an etiologic factor in cancer of the colon, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 55: 15–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mufloz, N., Wahrendorf, J., Lu, J. B., Crespi, M., Day, N. E., Thurnham, D. I., Zhang, C. Y., Zheng, H. J., Li, B., Li, W. Y., Lin, G. L., Lan, X. Z., Correa, P., Grassi, A., O’Conor, G. T., and Bosch, F. X., 1985, No effect of riboflavine, retinol, and zinc on precancerous lesions of the oesophagus: A randomized double-blind intervention study in a high-risk population of China, Lancet 2: 111–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagao, M., Honda, M., Seino, Y., Yahagi, T., Kawachi, T., and Sugimura, T., 1977a, Mutagenicities of protein pyrolysates, Cancer Leu. 2: 335–340.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Kawachi, T., Seino, Y., Honda, M., Matsukura, N., Sugimura, T., Wakabayashi, K., Tsuji, K., and Kosuge, T., 1977b, Mutagens in foods, and especially pyrolysis products of protein, in: Progress in Genetic Toxicology ( D. Scott, B. A. Bridges, and F. H. Sobels, eds.), Elsevier/North-Holland, New York, pp. 259–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academy of Sciences, 1980, Toward Healthful Diets, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academy of Sciences, 1981, The Health Effects of Nitrate, Nitrite, and N-Nitroso Compounds, Part 1 of a 2-Part Study by the Committee on Nitrite and Alternative Curing Agents in Food, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academy of Sciences, 1982, Committee on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nomura, A., Henderson, B. E., and Lee, J., 1978, Breast cancer and diet among the Japanese in Hawaii, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31: 2020–2025.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, S., 1983, Diet, nutrition, and cancer: The future of dietary policy, Cancer Res. 43 [Suppl.]: 2509s - 2514s.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pariza, M. W., 1984, A perspective on diet, nutrition, and cancer, J.A.M.A. 251: 1455–1458.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pernu, J., 1960, An epidemiological study on cancer of the digestive organs and respiratory system: A study based on 7078 cases, Ann. Med. Intern. Fenn. 33 [Suppl.]: 1–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. L., 1975, Role of life-style and dietary habits in risk of cancer among Seventh-Day Adventists, Cancer Res. 35: 3513–3522.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, R. L., and Snowden, D. A., 1983, Association of meat and coffee use with cancers of the large bowel, breast, and prostate among Seventh-Day Adventists: Preliminary results, Cancer Res. 43 [Suppl.]: 2403s - 2408s.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Preussmann, R., and Eisenbrand, G., 1984, Chemical carcinogens, in: Am. Chem. Soc. Monograph No. 182, Washington, DC, pp. 829–868.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, B. S., Watanabe, K., Weisburger, J. H., and Wynder, E. L., 1977, Promoting effect of bile acids in colon carcinogenesis in germfree and conventional F344 rats, Cancer Res. 37: 3238–3242.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, B. S., Hedges, A. R., Laakso, K., and Wynder, E. L., 1978, Metabolic epidemiology of large bowel cancer: Fecal bulk and constitutents of high-risk North American and low-risk Finnish populations, Cancer 42: 2831–2838.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, P. I., 1985, The role of N-nitroso compounds in gastric cancer, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis (J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill, and J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, pp. 97–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. H., and Bras, G., 1965, Tumor incidence patterns and nutrition in the rat, J. Nutr. 87: 245–260.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. H., and Bras, G., 1973, Influence of protein under-and ovemutrition on spontaneous tumor prevalence in the rat, J. Nutr. 103: 944–963.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. H., Bras, G., and Ragbeer, M. S., 1970, Influence of protein and caloric intake upon spontaneous tumor incidence of the anterior pituitary gland of the rat, J. Nutr. 100: 177–189.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rotkin, I. D., 1977, Studies in the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: Expanded sampling, Cancer Treat. Rep. 61: 173–180.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salonen, J. T., Alfthan, G., Huttunen, J. K., and Puska, P., 1984, Association between serum selenium and risk of cancer, Am. J. Epidemiol. 120: 342–349.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salonen, J. T., Salonen, R., Lappeteläinen, R., Mäenpää, P. H., Alfthan, G., and Puska, P., 1985, Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: Matched case-control analysis of prospective data, Br. Med. J. 290: 417–420.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schrauzer, G. N., 1976, Cancer mortality correlation studies. II. Regional association of mortalities with the consumption of foods and other commodities, Med. Hypotheses 2: 39–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuman, L. M., Mandell, J. S., Radke, A., Seal, U., and Halberg, F., 1982, Some selected features of the epidemiology of prostatic cancer: Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minnesota case—control study, 1976–1979, in: Trends in Cancer Incidence: Causes and Practical Implications ( K. Magnus, ed.), Hemisphere, New York, pp. 345–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamberger, R. J., Tytko, S. A., and Willis, C. E., 1976, Antioxidants and Cancer, VI, Selenium and age-adjusted human cancer mortality, Arch. Environ. Health 31: 231–235.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverstone, H., and Tannenbaum, A., 1951, Proportion of dietary protein and the formation of spontaneous hepatomas in the mouse, Cancer Res. 11: 442–446.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, H. L., 1966, Site variation of alimentary tract cancer in man and experimental animals as indicators of disease etiology, in: Proceedings of the International Cancer Congress, Tokyo, Vol. 9, 15–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stocks, P., 1970, Breast cancer anomalies, Br. J. Cancer 24: 633–643.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimura, T., Kawachi, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Seino, Y., Okamoto, T., Shudo, K., Kosuge, T., Tsuji, K., Wakabayashi, K., Iitaka, Y., and Itai, A., 1977, Mutagenic principle(s) in tryptophan and phenylalanine pyrolysis products, Proc. Jpn. Acad. 53 (1): 58–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A., 1942a, The genesis and growth of tumors. II. Effects of caloric restriction per se, Cancer Res. 2: 460–467.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A., 1942b, The genesis and growth of tumors. III. Effects of a high-fat diet, Cancer Res. 2: 468–475.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A., 1944, The dependence of the genesis of induced skin tumors on the caloric intake during different stages of carcinogenesis, Cancer Res. 4: 673–677.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A., 1945a, The dependence of tumor formation on the degree of caloric restriction, Cancer Res. 5: 609–615.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A., 1945b, The dependence of tumor formation on the composition of the calorie-restricted diet as well as on the degree of restriction, Cancer Res. 5: 616–625.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A., and Silverstone, H., 1949, The genesis and growth of tumors. IV. Effects of varying the proportion of protein (casein) in the diet, Cancer Res. 9: 162–173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, A., and Silverstone, H., 1957, Nutrition and the genesis of tumours, in: Cancer, Volume 1 ( R. W. Raven, ed.), Butterworth, London, pp. 306–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D. C., Siemiatycki, J., DeWar, R., Robins, J., Goldberg, M., and Armstrong, B. G., 1985, The problem of multiple inference in studies designed to generate hypotheses, Am. J. Epidemiol. 122: 1080–1095.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuyns, A., 1978, Alcool et Cancer, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, K., Reddy, B. S., Weisburger, J. H., and Kritchevsky, D., 1979, Effect of dietary alfalfa, pectin and wheat bran on azoxymethane or methylnitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 63: 141–145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wattenberg, L. W., 1979, Inhibitors of carcinogenesis, in: Carcinogens: Identification and Mechanisms of Action ( A. C. Griffin and C. R. Shaw, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 299–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wattenberg, L. W., 1985, Inhibitors of carcinogenesis and their implications for cancer prevention in humans, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis ( J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill, and J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, p. 51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wattenberg, L. W., 1986, Micronutrients and other microconstituents, Nutr. Cancer 8: 22–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willett, W. C., and MacMahon, B., 1984a, Diet and cancer, N. Engl. J. Med. 310: 633–638.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willett, W. C., and MacMahon, B., 1984b, Diet and cancer, N. Engl. J. Med. 310: 697–703.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willett, W. C., Polk, B. F., Morris, J. S., Stampfer, M. J., Pressel, S., Rosner, B., Taylor, J. O., Schneider, K., and Hames, C. G., 1983, Prediagnostic serum selenium and risk of cancer, Lancet 2: 130–134.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization, 1958, Procedures for the testing of intentional food additives to establish their safety for use. Second report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. 144: 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., and Bross, I. J., 1961, A study of etiological factors in cancer of the esophagus, Cancer 14: 389–413.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., and Gori, G. B., 1977, Contribution of the environment to cancer incidence: An epidemiologic exercise, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58: 825–832.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., and Shigematsu, T., 1967, Environmental factors of cancer of the colon and rectum, Cancer 20: 1520–1561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., Kmet, J., Dungal, N., and Segi, M., 1963, An epidemiological investigation of gastric cancer, Cancer 16: 1461–1496.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynder, E. L., Kajitani, T., Ishekawa, S., Dodo, H., and Takano, A., 1969, Environmental factors of cancer of the colon and rectum, II. Japanese epidemiological data, Cancer 23: 1210–1220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, G., 1981, Gastric cancer in China: A review, J. Roy Soc. Med. 74: 210–211.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaridze, D. G., 1983, Environmental etiology of large-bowel cancer, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 70: 389–400.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaridze, D. G., Muir, C. S., and McMichael, A. J., 1985, Diet and cancer: Value of different types of epidemiological studies, in: Diet and Human Carcinogenesis ( J. V. Joossens, M. J. Hill, and J. Geboers, eds.), Excerpta Medica, New York, pp. 221–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler, R. G., Morris, L. E., Blot, W. J., Potters, L. M., Hoover, R., and Fraumeni, Jr., J. F., 1981, Esophageal cancer among black men in Washington, D. C. II. Role of nutrition, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 67: 1199–1206.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., 20007, USA

    John Higginson & Michael J. Sheridan

Authors
  1. John Higginson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael J. Sheridan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Roslyn B. Alfin-Slater

  2. The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    David Kritchevsky

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Higginson, J., Sheridan, M.J. (1991). Nutrition and Human Cancer. In: Alfin-Slater, R.B., Kritchevsky, D. (eds) Cancer and Nutrition. Human Nutrition, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9561-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9561-5_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9563-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9561-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation