Abstract
It is generally accepted that long-term synaptic plasticity induced by electrophysiological or behavioral stimulation requires the modulation of gene expression, eventually leading to modification of the set of synaptic proteins (Montarolo et al., 1986; Otani et al., 1989). These changes are believed to occur in presynaptic and postsynaptic sites (dendrites) of the neuron. The ability of dendrites to synthesize proteins, is largely accepted (Rao & Steward, 1991). On the other hand, the concept of protein synthesis in presynaptic terminals is still controversial. This possibility was considered in the past (Austin et al., 1967; Morgan & Austin, 1968; Gordon & Deanin, 1968; Bridgers et al., 1971; Cotman & Taylor, 1971), but failed to achieve acceptance as the protein synthetic activity of synaptosomal fractions could be attributed to contaminating fragments of glial cells or dendrites, rather than to nerve endings.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alvarez, J., and Benech, C. R. (1983). Axoplasmic incorporation of aminoacids in myelinated fiber exceeds that of its soma: an autoradiographic study. Exp. Neurol. 82:25–42.
Alvarez, J., and Torres, J. C. (1985). Slow axoplasmic transport: a fiction? J. Theor. Biol. 112:627–6651.
Austin, L., and Morgan, I.G. (1967). Incorporation of 14-C-labelled leucine into synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex “in vitro”. J. Neurochem. 14:377–387.
Benech, C.R., Sad, E.A., and Franchi, C.M. (1968). In vivo local uptake of C-14 orotic acid by peripheral nerve. Exp. Neurol. 22:436–443.
Benech, C. R., Sotelo, J.R., Menéndez, J., and Correa-Luna, R. (1982). Autoradiographic study of RNA and protein synthesis in sectioned peripheral nerves. Exp. Neurol. 76:72–82.
Benech, J.C., Crispino, M., Chun, J.T., Kaplan, B.B., and Giuditta, A. (1994). Protein Synthesis in nerve endings from squid brain: modulation by calcium ions. Biol. Bull. 187:269.
Benech, J.C., Crispino, M., Martin, R., Alvarez, J., Kaplan, B.B., and Giuditta, A. (1996). Protein synthesis in the presynaptic endings of the squid photoreceptor neuron: in vitro and in vivo modulation. Biol. Bull. 191:263.
Bridgers, W.F., Cunningham, R.D., and Gressett, G. (1971). Properties distinguishing mitochondrial and synaptosomal protein synthesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 45:351–357.
Brostrom, C.O., Bocckino, S.B., and Brostrom, M. (1983). Identification of a calcium requirement for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 258:14390–14399.
Brostrom, C.O., and Brostrom, M. (1990). Calcium-dependent regulation of protein synthesis in intact mammalian cells. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 52:577–590.
Chin, K.V., Cade, C., Brostrom, M., Brostrom C.O. (1988). Regulation of protein synthesis in intact rat liver by calcium mobilizing agents. Int. J. Biochem. 20:1313–1319.
Cohen, A.I. (1973). An ultrastructural analysis of the photoreceptors of the squid and their synaptic conections. Ill. Photoreceptor terminations in the optic lobes. J. Comp. Neurol. 147:399–426.
Cotman, C.W., and Taylor, D.A. (1971). Autoradiographic analysis of protein synthesis in synaptosomal fractions. Brain. Res. 29:366–372.
Crispino, M., Castigli, E., Perrone Capano, C., Martin, R., Menichini, E., Kaplan, B.B., and Giuditta, A. (1993a). Protein synthesis in a synaptosomal fraction from squid brain. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 4:366–374.
Crispino, M., Perrone Capano, C., Kaplan, B.B., and Giuditta, A. (1993b). Neurofilament proteins are synthesized in the nerve endings from squid brain. J. Neurochem. 61:1144–1146.
Crispino, M., Kaplan, B.B., Martin, R., Alvarez, J., Chun, J.T., Benech, J.C., and Giuditta, A. (1997). Active polysomes are present in the large presynaptic endings of the synaptosomal fraction from squid brain. Submitted.
Endo, M., Tanaka, M., and Ogawa, Y. (1970). Calcium induced release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned muscle fibres. Nature. 228:34–36.
Ehrlich, B.E., and Watras, J. (1988). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate activates a channel from smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Nature. 336:583–586.
Frankel, R.D., and Koenig, E. (1977). Identification of major indigenous protein components in mammalian axons and locally synthesized axonal proteins in hypoglossal nerve. Exp. Neurol. 57:282–295.
Frankel, R.D., and Koenig, E. (1978). Identification of locally synthesized proteins in proximal stumps axons of the neurotomized hypoglossal nerve. Brain. Res. 141:67–76.
Gordon, M.W., and Deanin, G.G. (1968). Protein synthesis by isolated rat brain mithochondria and synaptosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 243:4222–4226.
Haghighat, N., Cohen, R.S., and Pappas, G.D. (1984). Fine structure of squid (Loligo pealei) optic lobe synapses. Neurosci. 13:527–546.
Hidaka, H; Sasaki, Y; Tanaka, T; Endo, T; Ohno, S; Fujii, Y. and Nagata, T. (1981). N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalenesulfonamide, a calmodulin antagonist, inhibits cell proliferation. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78:4354
Inui, M., Saito, A., and Fleischer, S. (1987). Purification of the ryanodine receptor and identity with feet structures of junctional terminal cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle. J. Biol. Chem. 262:1740–1747.
Kimball, S. R., and Jefferson, L. (1991). Mechanism of inhibition of peptide chain initiation by amino acid deprivation in perfused rat liver. Regulation involving inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha phosphatase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1969–1974.
Kimball, S. R., and Jefferson, L. (1992). Regulation of protein synthesis by modulation of intracellular calcium in rat liver. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Endocrinol. Metab. 26):E958–E964.
Kobayashi, E. (1989). Calphostin C (UCN-1028C), a novel microbial compound, is a highly specific inhibitor of protein kinase C. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 159:548–553.
Koenig, E., and Koelle, G.B. (1960). Acetylcholinesterase regeneration in peripheral nerve after irreversible inactivation. Science. 132:1249–1250.
Koenig, E. (1967a). Synthetic mechanisms in the axon. I. Local axonal synthesis ofacetylcholinesterase. J. Neurochem. 12:343–355.
Koenig, E. (1967b). Synthetic mechanisms in the axon. Ill. Stimulation of aeetylcholinesterase synthesis by actinomycin D in the hypoglossal nerve. J. Neurochem. 14:429–435.
Koenig, E. (1967c). Synthetic mechanisms in the axon. IV. In vitro incorporation of [3H]precursors into axonal proteins and RNA. J. Neurochem. 14:437–446.
Koenig, E. (1979). Ribosomal RNA in the Mauthner axon: implications for a protein synthesis machinery in the myelinated axons. Brain. Res. 174:95–107.
Koenig, E. (1984). Local synthesis of axonal proteins. In Lajtha, A. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry, 7:315–340, second edition. Plenum Press, New York.
Koenig, E. (1991). Evaluation of local synthesis of axonal proteins in the goldfish Mauthner cell axon and axons of the dorsal and ventral roots of the rat in vitro. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2:384–394.
Koenig, E., and Martin, R. (1996). Cortical plaque-like structure identify ribosome-containing domains in the Mauthner cell axon. J. Neurosci. 16:1400–1411.
Kumar, R. V; Panniers, R; Wolfman, A. and Henshaw, E. C. (1991). Inhibition of protein synthesis by antagonists of calmodulin in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 195:313–319.
Liu, C., and Herman, T. E. (1978). Characterization of ionomycin as a calcium ionophore. J. Biol. Chem. 253:5892–5894.
Lytton, J., Westlin, M. and Hanley, M.R. (1991). Thapsigargin inhibits the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase family of calcium pumps. J. Biol. Chem. 266:17067–17071.
Martin, R., Crispino, M., Kaplan, B.B., and Giuditta, A. (1997). Ribosome-like particles are present in axons and presynaptic endings of the squid photorreceptor neuron. Submitted.
Morgan, I.G., and Austin, L. (1968). Synaptosomal protein synthesis in a cell-free system. J. Neurochem. 15:41–51.
Montarolo, P.G., Golet, P., Castelluci, V.F., Morgan, J., Kandel, E.R., and Schacher, S. (1986). A critical period for macromolecular synthesis in long-term heterosynaptic facilitation in Aplisia. Science 234:1249–1254.
Muallem, S., Khademazad, M. and Sachs, G. (1990). The route of Ca’’ entry during reloading of the intracellular Ca2’ pool in pancreatic acini. J. Biol. Chem. 265:2011–2016.
Nygard, O.; Nilsson, A.; Carlberg, U.; Nilson, L. and Amons, R. (1991). Phosphorylation regulates the activity of the eEF-2 specific Cat+ - and calmoldulin-dependent protein kinase III. J. Biol. Chem. 266:16425–16430.
Otani, S., Marshall, C.J., Tate, W.P., Goddard, G.V., and Abraham, W.C. (1989). Maintenance of long-term potentiation in rat dentate gyrus requires protein synthesis but not messenger RNA synthesis immediately posttetanization. Neuroscience 28:519–526.
Preston, G.F., and Berlin, R.D. (1992). An intracellular calcium store regulates protein synthesis in HeLa cells, but is not the hormone-sensitive store. Cell Calcium. 13:303–312.
Rao, A., and Steward, O. (1991). Evidence that protein constituents of postsynaptic membrane specializations arc locally synthesized: analysis of proteins synthesized within synaptosomes. J. Neurosci. 11:2881–2895.
Sagara, Y. and mesi, G. (1991). Inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca“ transport ATPase by thapsigargin at subnanomolar concentrations. J. Biol. Chem. 266:13503–13506.
Schweitzer, E. (1987). Coordinated release of ATP and ACh from cholinergic synaptosomes and its inhibition by calmodulin antagonists. J. Neurosci. 7:2948–2956.
Sitges, M., and Talamo, B. R. (1993). Sphingosone, W7, and trifluoperazine inhibit the elevation in cytosolic calcium induced by high K’ depolarization in synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 61:443–450.
Snelling, R., and Nicholls, D. (1984). The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and R24571, depolarize the mitochondria within guinea pig cerebral cortical synaptosomes. J. Neurochem. 42:1552–1557.
Sotelo, J.R., Benech, C.R., and Kun, A. (1992). Local radiolabeling of the 68kDa neurofilament protein in rat sciatic nerves. Neurosci. Let. 144:174–176.
Toeplitz, B. K., Cohen, A. I., Funke, P. T., Parker, W. L., and Gougoutas, J. Z. (1979). Structure of ionomycin: a novel diacidic polyether antibiotic having high affinity for calcium ions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101:3344–3353.
Tobias, G. S., and Koenig, E. (1975a). Axonal protein synthesizing activity during the early outgrowth period following neurotomy. Exp. Neurol. 49:221–234.
Tobias, G. S., and Koenig, E. (1975b). Influence of nerve cell body and neurilemma cells on local axonal protein synthesis following neurotomy. Exp. Neurol. 49:235–245.
Wang, J.K.T., Walaas, S.I., and Greengard, P. (1988). Protein phosphorylation in nerve terminals: comparison of calcium/calmodulin-dependent and calcium/diacylglycerol-dependent systems. J. Neurosci. 8:281–288.
Young, J.Z. (1962). The retina of cephalopods and its degeneration after optic section. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 245:281–288.
Young, J.Z. (1974). The central nervous system of Loligo. 1. The optic lobe. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 267:263–302.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Benech, J.C., Crispino, M., Kaplan, B.B., Giuditta, A. (1997). Protein Synthesis in Presynaptic Endings of Squid Brain: Regulation by Ca2+ Ions. In: Sotelo, J.R., Benech, J.C. (eds) Calcium and Cellular Metabolism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9555-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9555-4_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9557-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9555-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive