Abstract
The present women’s liberation movement has an important historical link with alcohol problems and the Temperance Movement. From about 1880 on, there was a vigorous struggle for legal, educational and occupational rights of “the new woman.” The Temperance Movement had been going for some time, but late in the nineteenth century, under the leadership of Frances Willard, the Women’s Christian Temperance Union became an aggressive, militant organization with radical positions on a variety of social issues: It supported labor unions, prison reform, universal education, and women’s rights. The Temperance Movement withered away, largely destroyed by its own success, the prohibition amendment, but like all movements—women’s liberation included—it encompassed a variety of people with a variety of motives, ascetic, religious, or radical (Bacon, 1967).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adler, A., 1927, “Understanding Human Nature,” Garden City Publishing Co., New York. “Alcohol and Health,” 1971, First Special Report to the U.S. Congress from the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare.
Anastasi, A., and Foley, J. P., 1949, “Differential Psychology,” Macmillan, New York.
Averbukh, I. Y., 1966, Characteristics of alcoholic psychoses in women, Nauchne-Issled. Psikh. 12: 387 (NIMH abstract).
Bacon, S. D., 1967,. The classic temperance movement of the U.S.A.: Impact today on attitudes
action and research, Brit. J. Addiction 62:5.
Bailey, M. B., Haberman, P. W., and Alksne, H., 1965, The epidemiology of alcoholism in an urban residential area, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 26: 19.
Barcha, R., Stewart, M. A., and Guze, S. B., 1968, The prevalence of alcoholism among general hospital ward patients, Amer. J. Psychiatry 125: 681.
Bardwick, J. M., 1971, “Psychology of Women, A Study of Biocultural Conflicts,” Harper and Row, New York.
Basquin, M., and Osouf, C. 1965, A study of 50 female alcoholics: sociological, clinical and etiological observations, Rev. Alcsme 11:173 (QJSA abstract, 1968, 29: 254 ).
Battegay, R., and Ladewig, D., 1970, Gruppentherapie and Gruppenarbeit mit suechtigen Frauen, Brit. J. Addiction 65: 89.
Belfer, M. L., Shader, R. I., Carroll, M., and Harmatz, J. S., 1971, Alcoholism in women, Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 25: 540.
Berner, P., and Kryspin-Exner, K., 1965, The changes in female alcoholism in the intake area of
the Vienna Clinic since 1954, Wien. med. Wschr. 115:860 (QJSA abstract, 1967, 28:375). Blane, H. T., 1968, “The Personality of the Alcoholic: Guises of Dependency,” Harper and Row
New York.
Blaue, H. T., Barry, H. III., and Barry, H. Jr., 1971, Sex differences in birth order of alcoholics, Brit. J. Psychiat. 119: 657.
Cahalan, D., Cisin, I. H., and Crossley, H. M., 1969, “American Drinking Practices: A National Study of Drinking Behavior and Attitudes,” College and University Press, New Haven, Conn. Carpenter, J. A., 1962, Effects of alcohol on some psychological processes, Quart. J. Stud. Alc.
Cheek, F. E., 1964, A serendipitous finding: sex roles and schizophrenia, J. Abn. Soc. Psychol. 69: 392.
Chesler, P. 1972, “Women and Madness,” Doubleday and Co., New York.
Child, I. L., Barry, H. III, and Bacon, M. K., 1965, Sex differences, in A cross-cultural study of drinking, Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol Suppl. No. 3, pp. 49–61.
Clinard, M. B., 1968, “Sociology of Deviant Behavior,” Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. Cooperstock, R., 1971, Sex differences in the use of mood-modifying drugs: an explanatory model, J. Health and Social Behavior 12: 238.
Cramer, M. J., and Blacker, E., 1963, “Early” and “late” problem drinkers among female prisoners, Journal of Health and Human Behavior 4:282.
Cramer, M. J., and Blacker, E., 1966, Social class and drinking experience of female drunkenness offenders, Journal of Health and Human Behavior 7: 276.
Curlee, J., 1967, Alcoholic women: some considerations for further research, Bull. Menn. Clinic 31: 154.
Curlee, J., 1968, Women alcoholics, Federal Probation 32: 16.
Curlee, J., 1969, Alcoholism and the “empty nest,” Bull. Menn. Clinic 33: 165.
Curlee, J., 1970, A comparison of male and female patients at an alcoholism treatment center, J. of Psychology 74: 239.
Curlee, J., 1971, Sex differences in patient attitude toward alcoholism treatment, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 32: 643.
De Beauvoir, S., 1953, “The Second Sex,” Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
Decter, M., 1972, “The New Chastity and Other Arguments Against Women’s Liberation,” Coward-McCann, New York.
Deutsch, H., 1944, 1945, “The Psychology of Women, Volume One, Volume Two: Motherhood,” Grune and Stratton, New York.
De Lint, J. E. E. E., 1964, Alcoholism, birth rank, and parental deprivation, Amer. J. Psychiatry 120: 1062.
Differential Drug Use Within the New York State Labor Force, 1971, New York Narcotic Addiction Control Commission.
Dollard, J., 1945, Drinking mores of the social classes, in “Alcohol science and society,” pp. 95–104, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Inc., New Haven, Conn.
Dunlap, N. G., 1961, Alcoholism in women: some antecedents and correlates of remission in mid- dle-class members of Alcoholics Anonymous, Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas.
Edwards, G., Chandler, J., Hensman, C., and Pete, J., 1972, Drinking in a London suburb. III. Comparisons of drinking troubles among men and women, in Surveys of drinking and abstaining: Urban, suburban and national studies, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., Suppl. No. 6: 94–119.
Ellinwood, E. H., Smith, W. G., and Vaillant, G. E., 1966, Narcotic addiction in males and females: A comparison, Int. J. Addictions 1:33.
Fort, T. F., 1949, A preliminary study of social factors in the alcoholism of women, Master’s thesis, Texas Christian University.
Fort, T. F., and Porterfield, A. L., 1961, Some backgrounds and types of alcoholism among women, J. Health and Human Behavior 2: 283.
Friedan, B., 1963, “The Feminine Mystique,” W. W. Norton, New York.
Garai, J. E., 1970, Sex differences in mental health, Genet. Psychol. Monogr. 81: 123.
Glatt, M. M., 1961a, Drinking habits of English (middle class) alcoholics, Acta Psych. Scand. 37: 88
Glatt, M. M., 1961b, Treatment results in an English mental hospital alcoholic unit, Acta Psych. Scand. 37: 143.
Gornick, V., and Moran, B. K. (eds.), 1971, “Women in Sexist Society: Studies in Power and Powerlessness,” Basic Books, New York.
Greer, G., 1971, “The Female Eunuch,” McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hollingshead, A. B., and Redlich, F. C., 1958, “Social Class and Mental Illness,” Wiley, New York.
Horn, J. L., and Wanberg, K. W., 1969, Symptom patterns related to excessive use of alcohol, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 30: 35.
Horn, J. L., and Wanberg, K. W., 1971, Females are different: some difficulties in diagnosing problems of alcohol use in women, First Annual Conference of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Washington, D.C.
Horney, K., 1939, “New Ways in Psychoanalysis,” W. W. Norton, New York.
Howells, J. G., ed., 1972, “Modern Perspectives in Psycho-Obstetrics,” Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Jacob, A. G., and Lavoie, C., 1971, A study of some characteristics of a group of women alcoholics, Conference of the North American Association of Alcoholism Programs, Hartford, Connecticut.
Jellinek, E. M., 1942, “Death from alcoholism” in the United States in 1940: A statistical analysis, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 3:465.
Jesser, R., Carman, R. S., and Grossman, P. H., 1968, Expectations of need satisfaction and drinking patterns of college students, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 29: 101.
Johnson, M. W., 1965, Physicians’ views on alcoholism with special reference to alcoholism in women, Nebraska State Med. J. 50: 378.
Johnson, M. W., de Vries, J. C., and Houghton, M. I., 1966, The female alcoholic, Nursing Research 15: 343–347.
Jones, M. C., 1968, Personality correlates and antecedents of drinking patterns in adult males, J. Cons. Clin. Psychol. 32: 2.
Jones, M. C., 1971, Personality antecedents and correlates of drinking patterns in women, J. Cons. Clin. Psychol. 36: 61.
Jones, R. W., 1972, Alcoholism among relatives of alcoholic patients, Quart. J. Stud. Alc., 33:810. Jones, k. W., and Helrich, A. R., 1972, Treatment of alcoholism by physicians in private practice, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 33: 117.
Kagan, J., 1964, Acquisition and significance of sex typing and sex role identity, in “Review of Child Development Research” (Hoffman, M. L., and Hoffman, L. W., eds.) Russell Sage Foundation, New York.
Karp, S. A., Poster, D. C., and Goodman, A., 1963, Differentiation in alcoholic women, J. Personality 31: 386.
Kelleher, M. J., 1972, Cross-national (Anglo-Irish) differences in obsessional symptoms and traits of personality, Psychol. Med. 2: 33.
Keller, M., and Efron, V., 1955, The prevalence of alcoholism, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 16:619. Kent, P., 1967, “An American Woman and Alcohol,” Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.
Kinsey, B. A., 1966, “The Female Alcoholic: A Social Psychological Study,” Chas. C. Thomas
Springfield, Ill
Kinsey, B. A., 1968, Psychological factors in alcoholic women from a state hospital sample, Amer.
J. Psychiat. 124:157.
Komarovsky, M., 1962, “Blue-Collar Marriage,” Random House, New York.
Knupfer, G., 1964, Female drinking patterns, in Selected Papers Presented at the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the North American Association of Alcoholism Programs, pp. 140–160, Washington, D.C.
Knupfer, G., and Room, R., 1964, Age, sex, and social class as factors in amount of drinking in a metropolitan community, Social Problems 12: 224.
Lawrence, J. J., and Maxwell, M. A., 1962, Drinking and socio-economic status, in “Society, Culture and Drinking Patterns” (D. J. Pittman and C. R. Snyder, eds.), pp. 141–145, Wiley, New York.
Lengrand, J.-P., 1964, Contributions to the study of female alcoholism in the North of France, Bailleul. (QJSA abstract).
Levine, J., 1955, The sexual adjustment of alcoholics, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 16: 675.
Ley, H. A., Jr., 1940, The incidence of smoking and drinking among 10,000 examinees, Proc. Life Ext. Exam. 2: 57.
Lindbeck, V., 1972, The woman alcoholic: A review of the literature, Inter. J. Addictions 7:567. Lisansky, E. S., 1957, Alcoholism in women: Social and psychological concomitants. I. Social history data. Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 18: 588.
Lisansky, E. S., 1958, The woman alcoholic. Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. 315: 73.
Lisansky, E. S., 1960, The etiology of alcoholism: The role of psychological predisposition, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 21: 314.
Lolli, G., 1953, Alcoholism in women, Conn. Rev. on Alcoholism 5: 9.
Madeddu, A., Lucchesi, M., Rivolta, G. C., and Spinola, E., 1969, Alcoholism and tuberculosis:
clinical statistical aspects, Revue de l’alcoolisme (Paris) 15:167 (NIAAA abstract).
Massot, Hamel, and Deliry, 1956, Alcoholism in women: statistical and psychopathological data, J.
Med. Lyon 37:265–269.
Mayer, J., and Green, M., 1967, Group therapy of alcoholic women ex-prisoners, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 28: 493.
McClelland, D.C., and Watt, N. F., 1968, Sex-role alienation in schizophrenia, J. Abn. Psychol. 73: 226.
McCord, W., and McCord, J., 1960, “Origins of Alcoholism,” Stanford University Press, California.
Mead, M., 1928, “Coming of Age in Samoa,” Morrow, New York.
Mead, M., 1930, “Growing Up in New Guinea,” Morrow, New York.
Millett, K., 1970, “Sexual Politics,” Doubleday, New York.
Mogar, R. E., Wilson, W. M., and Helm, S. T., 1970, Personality subtypes of male and female alcoholic patients, Inter. J. Addictions 5: 99.
Myerson, D. J., 1959, Clinical observations on a group of alcoholic prisoners, with special reference to women, Quart. J. Stud. Ale. 20: 555.
O’Donnell, J. A., Besteman, K. J., and Jones, J. P., 1966, Marital history of narcotics addicts, Inter. J. Addictions 2: 21.
Opler, M. K., 1959, Cultural differences in mental disorders: an Italian and Irish contrast in the schizophrenias, in “Culture and Mental Health” (M. K. Opler, ed.), pp. 425–442, Macmillan, New York.
Palola, E. G., Dorpat, T. L., and Larson, W. R., 1962, Alcoholism and suicidal behavior, in “Society, Culture, and Drinking Patterns,” (D. J. Pittman and C. R. Snyder, eds.) pp. 511534, Wiley, New York.
Parker, F. B., 1972, Sex-role adjustment in women alcoholics, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 33: 647.
Pattison, R. M., Coe, R., and Doerr, H. 0., 1973, Population variation between alcoholism treatment facilities, Inter. J. Addictions 8: 199.
Pattison, E. M., Coe, R., and Rhodes, R. J., 1969, Evaluation of alcoholism treatment: A comparison of three facilities, Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 20: 478.
Pemberton, D. A., 1967, A comparison of the outcome of treatment in female and male alcoholics, Brit. J. Psychiat. 113: 367.
Podolsky, E., 1963, The woman alcoholic and premenstrual tension, J. Amer. Med. Wom. Assn. 18: 816.
Proceedings, American Psychological Association, 1972, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Rathod, N. H. and Thomson, I. G., 1971, Women alcoholics, a clinical study, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 32: 45.
Riley, J. W. Jr., and Marden, C. F., 1947, The social pattern of alcoholic drinking, Quart, J. Stud. Ale. 8: 265.
Robins, L. N., 1966, “Deviant Children Grown Up,” Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. Robins, L. N., and Guze, S. B., 1971, Drinking practices and problems in urban ghetto popula-
tions, in “Recent Advances in Studies of Alcoholism,” National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism.
Robins, L. N., Bates, W. M., and O’Neal, P., 1962, Adult drinking patterns of former problem children, in “Society, Culture, and Drinking Patterns” (D. J. Pittman and C. R. Snyder, eds.), Wiley, New York.
Rodriguez, A. L., 1970, Attitudes toward authority of Puerto Rican lower class boys, delinquent and non-delinquent, Master’s thesis, University of Puerto Rico.
Rosen, A. C., 1960, A comparative study of alcoholic and psychiatric patients with the MMPI, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 21: 253.
Rosenbaum, B., 1958, Married women alcoholics at the Washingtonian Hospital, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 19: 79.
Rosin, A. J., and Glatt, M. M., 1971, Alcohol excess in the elderly, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 32:53. Rushing, W. A., 1969, Suicide and the interaction of alcoholism (liver cirrhosis) with the social situation, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 30: 93.
Schmidt, W., and de Lint, J., 1969, Mortality experiences of male and female alcoholic patients, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 30: 112.
Schmidt, W., and de Lint, J., 1972, Causes of death of alcoholics, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 33:171. Schuckit, M. A., 1971, Depression and alcoholism in women, First Annual Conference, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
Schuckit, M., 1972, The woman alcoholic, Psychiatry in Medicine 3: 37.
Schuckit, M., Pitts, F. N., Reich, T., King, L. J., and Winokur, G., 1969, Alcoholism, I. Two types of alcoholism in women, Arch. of Environmental Health 18: 301.
Sclare, A. B., 1970, The female alcoholic, Brit. J. Addict. 65: 99.
Sears, R. R., Maccoby, E. E., and Levin, H., 1957, “Patterns of Child Rearing,” Row Peterson, Evanston, Ill.
Selected Symptoms of Psychological Distress, 1970, National Center for Health Statistics, Series 11, no. 37.
Smart, R. G., 1963, The relationship between birth order and alcoholism among women, Ont. Psychol. Ass. Quart. 16: 9.
Smart, R. G., Laforest, L., and Whitehead, P. C., 1971, The epidemiology of drug use in three Canadian cities, Brit. J. Addict. 66: 293.
Spain, D. M., 1945, Portal cirrhosis of the liver, a review of 250 necropsies with reference to sex differences, Amer. J. Clin. Path. 15: 215.
Srole, L., Langner, T. S., Michael, S. T., Opler, M. K., and Rennie, A. C., 1962, “Mental Health in the Metropolis, The Midtown Manhattan Study,” Vol. I, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Sterne, M. W., and Pittman, D. J.,1972, “Drinking Patterns in the Ghetto,” typescript, Social Science Institute,.Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
Summerskill, W. H. J., Davidson, C. S., Dible, J. H., Mallory, G. K., Sherlock, S., Turner, M. D., and Wolfe, S. H., 1960, Cirrhosis of the liver, a study of alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients in Boston and London, New. Engl. J. Med. 262: 1.
Thompson, C., 1941, The role of women in this culture, Psychiatry IV:1.
Thompson, C., 1942, Cultural pressures in the psychology of women, Psychiatry V: 331.
Van Amberg, R. J., 1943, A study of 50 women patients hospitalized for alcohol addiction, Dis. Nerv. System 4: 551.
Vogel, I., 1919, Effect of chronic drug abuse on function of female genitals, Archiv fur Frauenkunde u. Konstitutionsforschung (Wurzburg) 15: 157.
Wall, J. H., 1937, A study of alcoholism in women, Amer. J. Psychiat. 93:943.
Wanberg, K. W., and Horn, J. L., 1970, Alcoholism symptom patterns of men and women: A comparative study, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 31: 40.
Wanberg, K. W., and Knapp, J., 1970, Difference in drinking symptoms and behavior of men and women alcoholics, Brit. J. Addict. 64: 347.
Wetzel, R. D., and McClure, J. N., 1972, Suicide and the menstrual cycle: a review, Comprehensive Psychiatry 13: 369.
Widseth, J. C., 1971, Dependent behavior and alcohol use in delinquent girls, Eastern Psychological Association, New York.
Widseth, J. C.,and Mayer, J.,1971, Drinking behavior and attitudes toward alcohol in delinquent girls, Inter. J. Addict. 6:453.
Wilkinson, P., Santamaria, J. N., and Rankin, J. G., 1969, Epidemiology of alcoholic cirrhosis, Australas. Ann. Med. 18: 222.
Wilkinson, P., Santamaria, J. N., Rankin, J. G., and Martin, D., 1969, Epidemiology of alcoholism: Social data and drinking patterns of a sample of Australian alcoholics, Med. J. Aust. 1:1020.
Wilsnack, S. C., 1972, The needs of the female drinker: Dependency, power, or what? Second Annual Conference of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Washington, D.C.
Wilsnack, S. C., 1973, The effects of social drinking on women’s fantasy, mimeographed. Wilsnack, S. C. 1973, Sex-role identity in female alcoholism, J. Abn. Psychol. 82:253–261. Winokur, G., and Clayton, P., 1967, Family history studies. II. Sex differences and alcoholism in
primary affective illness, Brit. J. Psychiat. 113:973.
Winokur, G., and Clayton, P. J., 1968, Family history studies. IV. Comparison of male and female alcoholics, Quart. J. Stud. Alc. 29: 885.
Wood, H. P., and Duffy, E. L., 1964, Psychological factors in alcoholic women, Amer. J. Psychiat. 123: 341.
Zelen, S. L., Fox, J., Gould, E., and Olson, R. W., 1966, Sex-contingent differences between male and female alcoholics, J. Clin. Psychol. 22: 160.
Zetterman, B., 1966, Problems in an institution for female alcoholics, Social-Med. Tzdskr. 43: 326 (QJSA abstract, 1968, 29:234).
Zigler, E., and Phillips, L., 1960, Social effectiveness and symptomatic behaviors, J. Abn. Soc. Psychol. 61: 231.
Zucker, R. A., and Barron, F. H., 1971, Do wives drive husbands to drink?, Southwestern Psychological Association, San Antonio, Texas.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1976 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gomberg, E.S. (1976). Alcoholism in Women. In: Kissin, B., Begleiter, H. (eds) Social Aspects of Alcoholism. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9495-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9495-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9497-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9495-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive