Abstract
The existence of a common and frequently disabling human neurologic disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), which is characterized pathologically by inflammation (the hallmark of immune response) and demyelination within the central nervous system (CNS), has focussed interest on whether and how immune-mediated mechanisms can induce the observed tissue injury (Table 1). Inflammation and demyelination are also the hallmarks of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), a uniphasic disorder commonly encountered after immunization with nervous system-containing vaccines (e.g. Pasteur vaccine for rabies prevention) or specific exanthematous viral infections (measles) in which immune sensitization to myelin constituents can be demonstrated (Johnson et al., 1984). The more recently defined human disorder, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) or tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) is associated with oligodendrocyte (OGC)/myelin and axonal destruction and development of viral protein-directed cytotoxic lymphocytes; persistent virus is not yet detectible at the site of tissue injury within the CNS, invoking the postulate that immune-mediated mechanisms rather than direct viral mechanisms are involved (Moore et al., 1989). Similar considerations may apply to cases of CNS demyelination associated with HIV infection. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which most frequently occurs in immunocompromised individuals, provides a precedent for direct viral injury of OGC.
Chapter PDF
References
Arnold, D.L., Matthews, P.M., Francis, G.S., O’Connor, J., and Antel, J.P., 1992, Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for metabolic characterization of demyelinating plaques, Ann. Neurol. 31: 235.
Brosnan, C.F., Selmaj, K., and Raine, C.S., 1988, Hypothesis: a role for tumor necrosis factor in immune-mediated demyelination and its relevance to multiple sclerosis, J. Neuroimmunol. 18: 87.
Bruck, W., and Friede, R.L., 1990, Anti-macrophage CR3 antibody blocks myelin phagocytosis by macrophage in vitro, Acta Neuropathol. 80: 415.
Cashman, N.R., and Noronha, A., 1986, Accessory cell competence of ovine oligodendrocytes in mitogenic activation of human peripheral T cells, J. Immunol. 136: 4460.
Fontana, A., Fierz, W., and Wekerle, H., 1984, Astrocytes present myelin basic protein to encephalitogenic T-cell lines, Nature 307: 273.
Freedman, M.S., Ruijs, T.C.G., Selin, L.K., and Antel, J.P., 1991a, Peripheral blood gamma-delta T-cells kill fresh human brain derived oligodendrocytes, Ann. Neurol. 30: 794.
Freedman M.S., Ruijs, T.C.G., and Antel JP, 1991b, The role of heat shock proteins in oligodendrocyte 7/8 cell interaction, J. Neuroimmunol. (Suppl 1 ): 112, 1991.
Freedman, M.S., Ruijs, T.C.G., and Antel, J.P., Differential expression of heat shock proteins by human glial cells, J. Neuroimmunol.,in press.
Frei, K., Siepl, C., Groscurth, P., Bodmer, S., Schwerdel, C., and Fontana, A., 1987, Antigen presentation and tumor cytotoxicity by interferon-gamma-treated microglial cells, Eur. J. Immunol. 17: 1271.
Fujinami, R.S., and Oldstone, M.B.A., 1985, Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: mechanism for autoimmunity, Science 230: 1043.
Grenier, Y., Ruijs, T.C.G., Robitaille, Y., Olivier, A., and Antel, J.P., 1989, Immunohistochemical studies of adult human glial cells. J. Neuroimmunol., 21: 103.
Griot, C., Vandevelde, M., Richard, A., Peterhans, E., and Stocker, R., 1990, Selective degeneration of oligodendrocytes mediated by reactive oxygen species, Free Rad. Res. Commns. 11: 4.
Haregewoin, A., Soman, G., Hom, R.C., and Finberd, R.W., 1989, Human 78 T cells respond to mycobacterial heat shock protein, Nature 340: 309.
Jacobson, S., Richert, J.R., Biddison, W.E., Satinsky, A., Hartzman, R.J., and McFarland, H.F., 1984, Measles virus-specific T4+ human cytotoxic T cell clones are restricted by class II HLA antigens, J. Immunol. 133: 754.
Jewtoukoff, V., Lebar, R., and Bach M.A., 1989, Oligodendrocyte-specific autoreactive T cells using an a/(3 T-cell receptor kill their target without self restriction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 2824.
Johnson, R.T., Griffin, D.E., Hirsch, R.L., Wolinsky, J.S., Lindo de Soriano, I., Roedenbeck, S., and Vaisberg, A., 1984, Measles encephalomyelitis: clinical and immunological studies, N. Eng. J. Med. 310: 137.
Kabelitz, D., Brucker, C., Wagner, H., and Fleischer, B., 1989, A previously unrecognized large fraction of cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors is present in CD4+ human peripheral blood T cells, Cell. Immunol. 188: 285.
Kastnjkoff, L.F., Lau, A.S., Kim, S.U., 1987, Multifocal CNS demyelination following peripheral inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1, Ann. Neurol. 22: 52.
Kawai, K., and Zweiman, B., 1990, Characteristics of in vitro cytotoxic effects of myelin basic protein-reactive T cell lines on syngeneic oligodendrocytes, J. Neuroimmunol. 26: 57.
Lassman, H., Brunner, C., Bradl, M., and Linington, C., 1988, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: the balance between encephalitogenic T lymphocytes and demyelinating antibodies determines size and structure of demyelinated lesions, Acta Neuropathol. (Berlin) 75: 566.
Lee, S.C., and Raine, C.S., 1989, Multiple sclerosis: oligodendrocytes in active lesions do not express class II major histocompatibility complex molecules, J. Neuroimmunol. 25: 261.
Ludwin, S.K., 1987, Regeneration of myelin and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, Prog. Brain Res. 71: 469.
Ma, B.I., Joseph, B.S., Walsh, M.J., Potvin, A.R., and Tourtellotte, W.W., 1980, Multiple sclerosis serum and cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin binding to Fc receptors of oligodendrocytes, Ann. Neurol. 9: 371.
Merrill, J.E., Kutsunai, S., and Mohlstrom, C., 1984, Proliferation of astroglia and oligodendroglia in response to human T cell-derived factors, Science 224: 1428.
Merrill, J.E., and Zimmerman, R.P., 1991, Natural and induced cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes by microglia is inhibitable by TGFii, Glia 4: 327.
Moore, G.R.W., Traugott, U., Scheinberg, L.C., and Raine, C.S., 1989, Tropical spastic paraparesis: a model of virus-induced, cytotoxic T cell-mediated demyelination?, Ann. Neurol. 26: 523.
Oldstone, M.B.A., Rodriguez, M., Daughaday, W.H., and Lampert, P.W., 1984, Viral pertubation of endocrine function: disordered cell function leads to disturbed homeostasis and disease, Nature 307: 278.
Olsson, T., Zhi, W.W., Hojeberg, B., Kostulas, V., Yu-Ping, J., Anderson, G., are, H.P., and Link, H., 1990, Autoreactive T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis determined by antigen-induced secretion of interferon-gamma, J. Clin. Invest. 86: 981.
Patel, S.S., Thiele, D.L., and Lipsky, P.E., 1987, Major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytolytic activity of human T cells, J. Immunol. 139: 3886.
Pette, M., Liebert, U.G., Toyka, K.V., and Hartung, H.P., 1992, Measles virus (MV)-specific T lymphocytes from MS patients and healthy donors, Neurology, 42 (Suppl. 3): 299.
Prineas, J.W., and Graham, J.S., 1981, Multiple sclerosis: capping of surface immunoglobulin G on macrophages engaged in myelin breakdown, Ann. Neurol. 10: 149.
Ruijs, T.C.G., Freedman, M.S., Grenier, Y.G., Olivier, A., and Antel, J.P., 1990a, Human oligodendrocytes are susceptible to cytolysis by major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted lymphocytes, J. Neuroimmunol., 27: 89–97, 1990.
Ruijs, T.C.G., Olivier, A., and Antel, J.P., 1990b, Serum cytotoxicity to human and rat oligodendrocytes in culture, Brain Res. 517: 99.
Ruijs, T.C.G., Louste, K., Brown, E.A., and Antel, J.P., Lysis of human oligodendrocytes by MHCunrestricted CD4+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, J. Neuroimmunol., in press.
Satoh, J.I., Kim, S.U., and Kastrukoff, L.F., 1990, Absence of natural killer (NK) cell activity against oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis, J. Neuroimmunol. 26: 75.
Schluesener, H., Sobel, R., Linington, C., and Weiner, H., 1987, A monoclonal antibody against a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces relapses and demyelination in CNS autoimmune disease, J. Immun!. 39: 4016.
Scolding, N.J., Morgan, B.P., Houston, A., Campbell, A.K., Linington, C., and Compston, D.A.S., 1989, Normal rat serum cytotoxicity against syngeneic oligodendrocytes, J. Neurol. Sci. 89: 289.
Scolding, N.J., and Compston, D.A.S., 1991, Oligodendrocyte-macrophage interactions in vitro triggered by specific antibodies, Immunology 72: 127–132.
Selmaj, K.S., and Raine, C.S., 1988, Tumor necrosis factor mediates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro, Ann. Neurol. 23: 339.
Selmaj, K.S., Brosnan, C.F., and Raine, C.S., 1991a, Colocalization of TCRyy lymphocytes and hsp-65+ oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 6452.
Selmaj, K., Raine, C.S., Farooq, M., Norton, W.T., and Brosnan, C.F., 1991b, Cytokine cytotoxicity against oligodendrocytes, J. Immunol. 147: 1522.
Selmaj, K., Brosnan, C., and Raine, C.S., 1992, Expression of heat shock protein-65 by oligodendrocytes in vivo and in vitro: implications for multiple sclerosis, Neurology 42: 795.
Smyth, M.J., Norihisa, Y., and Ortaldo, J.R., 1992, Multiple cytolytic mechanisms displayed by activated human peripheral blood T cell subsets, J. Immun!. 148: 55.
Soliven, B., Szuchet, S., Amason, B.G.W., and Nelson, D.J., 1988, Voltage-gated potassium currents in cultured ovine oligodendrocytes, J. Neurosci. 8: 2131.
Turnley, A.M., Morahan, G., Okano, H., Bernard O, Mikoshiba, K., Allison, J., Bartlett, P.F., and Miller, J.F.A.P., 1991, Dysmyelination in transgenic mice resulting from expression of class I histocompatibility molecules in oligodendrocytes, Nature 353: 566.
Wang, F.I., Stohlman, S.A., and Fleming, J.O., 1990, Demyelination induced by murine hepatitis virus JHM strain (MHV-4) is immunologically mediated, J. Neuroimmunol. 30–31.
Weber, W.E.J., and Buurman, W.A., 1989, In vitro functional blocking of myelin basic protein-specific cytolytic human T lymphocyte clones by immunosuppressive drugs and monoclonal antibodies, J. Neuroimmunol. 22: 1.
Wege, H., Watanabe, R., and ter Meulen, V., 1984, Relapsing subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats during the course of coronavirum JEM infection, J. Neuroimmunol. 6: 325.
Williams, K., Bar-Or, A., Ulvestad, E., Olivier, A., Antel, J.P., and Yong, V.W., Biology of adult human microglia in culture: comparisons with peripheral blood monocytes and astrocytes, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 51: 538.
Wolfgram, F., and Duquette, P., 1976, Demyelinating antibodies in multiple sclerosis, Neurology 26 (Suppl. 1): 68.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Antel, J.P., Ruijs, T.C.G. (1993). Oligodendrocytes and the Immune System. In: Fedoroff, S., Juurlink, B.H.J., Doucette, R. (eds) Biology and Pathology of Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions. Altschul Symposia Series, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9486-1_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9486-1_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9488-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9486-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive