Metabolic Interactions between Neurons and Astrocytes
Chapter
Abstract
Metabolic interactions between neurons and glial cells can occur in at least two different ways, 1) transfer of a metabolite from a cell type, competent in producing this specific intermediate, to another cell type, which does not have the metabolic machinery to do so, and 2) release of messengers from one cell type which regulate the metabolic activity in a different cell type. This review will focus on the former of these aspects and deal only briefly with the latter.
Keywords
Oxidative Metabolism Pyruvate Carboxylase Metabolic Interaction Transmitter Glutamate Simulated Ischemia
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Balazs, R., Patel, A.J. and Richter, D., Metabolic compartments in the brain: their property and relation to morphological structures. In: Metabolic compartmentation in the brain, Balazs, R. and Cremer, J.E. eds. MacMillan, London (1973), pp. 167–184.Google Scholar
- Berl, S. and Clarke, D.D., Compartmentation of amino acid metabolism. In: Handbook of Neurochemistry, Lajttha, A. ed. Plenum Press, New York (1969), pp. 447–473.Google Scholar
- Borowsky, I.W. and Coffins, R.C., Metabolic anatomy of brain: a comparison of regional capillary density, glucose metabolism, and enzyme activities, J. Comp. Neurol. 288: 401–413 (1989).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bowman, C.L. and Kimelberg, H.K., Pharmacological properties of the norepinephrine-induced depolarization of astrocytes in primary culture: Evidence for the involvement of an a1-adrenergic receptor, Brain Res. 423: 403–407 (1987).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Brainard, J.R., Kyner, E. and Rosenberg, G.A., 13C nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for 1’-aminobutyric acid formation via pyruvate carboxylase in rat brain: A metabolic basis for compartmentation, J. Neurochem. 53: 1285–1292 (1989).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Brazitikos, P.D. and Tsacopoulos, M., Metabolic signaling between photoreceptors and glial cells in the retina of the drone (Apis mellifera), Brain Res. 567: 33–41 (1991).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chen, Y., McNeill, J.R., Hajek, I. and Hertz, L., Effect of vasopressin on brain swelling at the cellular level-do astrocytes exhibit a furosemide-vasopressin-sensitive mechanism for volume regulation? Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1992) In Press.Google Scholar
- Christensen, T., Bruhn, T., Diemer, N.H. and Schousboe, A., Effect of phenylsuccinate on potassium-and ischemia-induced release of glutamate in rat hippocampus monitored by microdialysis, Neurosci.Lett. 134: 71–74 (1991).Google Scholar
- Chen, Y., McNeill, J.R., Hajek, I. and Hertz, L., Effect of vasopressin on brain swelling at the cellular level-do astrocytes exhibit a furosemide-vasopressin-sensitive mechanism for volume regulation? Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1992) In Press.Google Scholar
- Code, W.E., White, H.S. and Hertz, L., The effect of midazolam on calcium signaling in astrocytes, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 625: 430–432 (1991).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cornell Bell, A.H., Finkbeiner, S.M., Cooper, M.S. and Smith, S.J., Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: Long-range glial signaling, Science 247: 470–473 (1990).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Enkvist, M.O.K., Holopainen, I. and Akennan, K.E.O., Glutamate-linked changes in membranepotential and intracellular Cat+ in primary rat astrocytes, GLIA 2: 397–402 (1989).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fanestil, D.D., Model for potassium effects on electrolyte and oxidative metabolism in glia, J. Theoret. Neurobiol. 3: 91–95 (1984).Google Scholar
- Grisar, T., Frere, J.-M. and Franck, G., Effects of K+ ions on kinetic properties of the Na+K+ATPase of bulk brain cortex, Brain Res. 165: 87–103 (1979).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hansen, A.J., Effect of anoxia on ion distribution in the brain, Physiol.Rev. 65: 101–148 (1985).PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hertz, L. and Schousboe, A., Role of astrocytes in compartmentation of amino acid and energy metabolism. In:Astrocytes, Fedoroff, S. and Vemadakis, A. eds. Academic Press, New York (1986), pp.179–208. Ed. 2ndGoogle Scholar
- Hertz, L., Regulation of potassium homeostasis by glial cells. In: Development and Function of Glial Cells, Levi, G. ed.Wiley-Liss, New York (1990), pp. 225–234.Google Scholar
- Hertz, L., Autonomic control of neuronal-astrocytic interactions, regulating metabolic activities and ion fluxes in the CNS, Brain Res.Bull. 29: (1992).Google Scholar
- Hertz, L. and Peng, L., Effects of monoamine transmitters on neurons and astrocytes: Correlation between energy metabolism and intracellular messengers, Prog. Brain Res. 94: 283–301 (1992a).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hertz, L. and Peng, L., Energy metabolism at the cellular level of the CNS, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1992b) In Press.Google Scholar
- Hertz, L., Peng, L., Westergaard, N., Yudkoff, M. and Schousboe, A., Neuronal-Astrocytic interactions in metabolism of transmitter amino acids of the glutamate family. In: Drug Research Related to Neuroactive Amino Acids, Schousboe, A., Diemer, N.H. and Kofod, H. eds. Munksgaard, Copenhagen (1992), pp. 30–50.Google Scholar
- Huang, R., Shuaib, A. and Hertz, L., Glutamate uptake and glutamate content in primary cultures of mouse astrocytes during anoxia, substrate deprivation and simulated ischemia under normothermic and hypothermic conditions, Neurosci. Lett. (submitted)Google Scholar
- Kadekaro, M., Crane, A.M. and Sokoloff, L., Differential effect of electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve on metabolic activity in spinal cord and dorsal mot ganglion in the rat, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S A. 82: 6010–6013 (1985).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kaufman, E.E. and Driscoll, B.F., Carbon dioxide fixation in neuronal and astroglial cells in culture, J. Neurochem. 58: 258–262 (1992).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kvamme, E., Glutaminase [PAG]. In: Glutamine, Glutamate and GABA in the Central Nervous System, Hertz, L., Kvamme, E., McGeer, E.G. and Schousboe, A. eds. Alan R. Liss, New York (1983), pp. 51–67.Google Scholar
- McCormack, J.G. and Denton, R.M., The role of mitochondrial Cat+ transport and matrix Cat+ in signal transduction in mammalian tissues, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1018: 287–291 (1990).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- McLennan, H., The autoradiographic localization of L-[3H] glutamate in rat brain tissue, Brain Res. 115: 139–144 (1976).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Palaiologos, G., Hertz, L. and Schousboe, A., Evidence that aspartate aminotransferase activity and ketodicarboxylate carrier function are essential for biosynthesis of transmitter glutamate, J. Neurochem. 51: 317–320 (1988).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Peng, L., Schousboe, A. and Hertz, L., Utilization of a-ketoglutarate as a precursor for transmitter glutamate in cultured cerebellar granule cells, Neurochem. Res. 16: 29–34 (1991).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Raffin, C.N., Rosenthal, M., Busto, R. and Sick, Ti., Glycolysis, oxidative metabolism, and brain potassium ion clearance, J. Cereb. Blood Flow & Metab. 12: 34–42 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schousboe, A., Drejer, J. and Hertz, L., Uptake and Release of glutamate and glutamine in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures. In: Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals, Kvamme, E. ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida (1988), pp. 21–38Google Scholar
- Shank, R.P., Bennet, G.S., Freytag, S.D. and Campbell, G.L., Pyruvate carboxylase: an astrocytespecific enzyme implicated in the replenishment of amino acid neurotransmitter pools, Brain Res. 329: 364–367 (1985).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Shank, R.P., Leo, D.C. and Zielke, H.R., 13C-NMR analysis of glucose metabolism in rat brain, Trans. Amer. Soc. Neurochem. 23: 200 (1992).Google Scholar
- Sokoloff, L., General discussion: Energy metabolism, Can. J Physiol. Pharmacol. (1992) In Press.Google Scholar
- Subbarao, K.V. and Hertz, L., Noradrenaline induced stimulation of oxidative metabolism in astrocytes but not in neurons in primary cultures, Brain Res. 527: 346–349 (1990a).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Subbarao, K.V. and Hertz, L., Effect of adrenergic agonists on glycogenolysis in primary cultures of astrocytes, Brain Res. 536: 220–226 (1990b).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Subbarao, K.V. and Hertz, L., Stimulation of energy metabolism by alpha-adrenergic agonists in primary cultures of astrocytes, J. Neurosci. Res. 28: 399–405 (1991).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Subbarao, K.V. and Hertz, L., Stimulation of calcium channel dependent glycogen hydrolysis in differentiated cultures of mouse astrocytes by potassium concentrations reached in the extracellular space during neuronal activity, Brain Res. (1992). Submitted.Google Scholar
- Sykova, E., Extracellular K+ accumulation in the central nervous system, Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 42: 135–189 (1983).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Walz, W. and Hertz, L., Intracellular ion changes of astrocytes in response to extracellular potassium, J. Neurosci. Res. 10: 411–423 (1983).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Walz, W. and Hertz, L., Intense furosemide-sensitive potassium accumulation in astrocytes in the presence of pathologically high extracellular potassium levels, J. Cereb. Blood Flow & Metab. 4: 301–304 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Walz, W. and Hinks, E., A transmembrane sodium cycle in astrocytes, Brain Res. 368: 226–232 (1986).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Walz, W., Role of glial cells in the regulation of the brain ion microenvironment, Prog. Neurobiol. 33: 309–333 (1989).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Yu, A.C., Drejer, J., Hertz, L. and Schousboe, A., Pyruvate carboxylase activity in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons, J. Neurochem. 41: 1484–1487 (1983).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Yu, A.C.H. and Hertz, L., Metabolic sources of energy in astrocytes. In: Glutamine, Glutamate and GABA in the Central Nervous System, Hertz, L., Kvamme, E., McGeer, E.G. and Schousboe, A. eds. Alan R.Liss, New York (1983), pp. 431–439.Google Scholar
- Yu, A.C.H., Gregory, G.A. and Chan, P.H., Hypoxia-induced dysfunction and injury of astrocytes in primary cell cultures, J. Cereb. Blood Flow & Metab. 9: 20–28 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Yudkoff, M., Nissim, I., Medow, K. and Pleasure, D., Utilization of [15Hjglutamate by cultured astrocytes, Biochem. J. 234: 185–192 (1986).PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Yudkoff, M., Nissim, I. and Hertz, L., Precursors of glutamic acid nitrogen in primary neuronal cultures: studies with 15 N, Neurochem. Res. 15: 1191–1196 (1990).PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1993