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Protein Translocation Across Biological Membranes

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Bioelectrochemistry III

Part of the book series: Ettore Majorana International Science Series ((EMISS,volume 51))

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Abstract

Several thousand different polypeptides are synthesized within an eukaryotic cell. In general, protein synthesis takes place in the cytosol, but many proteins have their functional location in subcellular compartments that are separated from the cytosol by at least one membrane. Certain proteins, for example, those residing in the lumen of chloroplast thylakoids, have to be translocated across as many as three bilayers to reach their destination. Others, for example, proteins exerting transport functions, become integrated into membranes, often in arrangements spanning the bilayer many times. How are proteins targeted to the correct membrane compartment? What are the signals involved, and how can polypeptides, i.e. macromolecules containing many hydrophilic groups, penetrate lipid bilayers at all? By describing the main principles of protein translocation across biological membranes I shall try to answer some of these basic questions in molecular cell biology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität München, Goethestrasse 33, 8000, München 2, Germany

    Franz-Ulrich Hartl

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  1. Franz-Ulrich Hartl
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bioelectrochemical Society, Rome, Italy

    G. Milazzo

  2. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    M. Blank

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Hartl, FU. (1990). Protein Translocation Across Biological Membranes. In: Milazzo, G., Blank, M. (eds) Bioelectrochemistry III. Ettore Majorana International Science Series, vol 51. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9459-5_2

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