Skip to main content

The Social Network of the Young Child

A Developmental Perspective

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Genesis of Behavior ((GOBE,volume 4))

Abstract

Imagine that one could invisibly watch a washday in a typical middle-class American home and watch a washday in a pretechnological Indian society in the Amazon basin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, B. N. Isolation, function and beyond: American kinship in the 1960s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1970, 3R, 575–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arend, R., Gove, F., & Sroufe, L. Continuity in early adaptation: From attachment theory in infancy to resiliency and curiosity at age five. Child Development, 1979, 50, 950–959.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Attneave, C. L. Social networks as the unit of intervention. In: P. J. Guerin, (Ed.), Family therapy: Theory and practice. New York: Gardner Press, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, J. A. Class and committees in a Norwegian island parish. Human Relations, 1954, 7, 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, W. A. Marriage research and conflict: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 1970, 73 (1), 41–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berardo, F. M. Kinship interaction and communications among space-age migrants. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1967, 29, 541–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Block, J., & Block, J. The role of ego control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In: W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 13 ). New York: Erlbaum, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bott, E. Family and social network. London: Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bott, E. Family and social network ( 2nd ed. ). New York: Free Press, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. Maternal care and mental health. Geneva: WHO, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1 ). New York: Basic Books, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braze1ton, T. B., Koslowski, B., & Main, M. The origins of reciprocity: The early mother-infant interaction. In: M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The effect of the infant on its caregiver: The origins of behavior (Vol. 1 ). New York: Wiley, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brazelton, T. B., Yogman, M., Als, H., & Tronick, E. The infant as a focus for family reciprocity. In: M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The child and its family: The genesis of behavior (Vol. 2 ). New York: Plenum Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronfenbrenner, U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 1977, 32, 513–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicirelli, V. G. Effects of mother and older sibling on the problem solving behavior of the younger child. Developmental Psychology, 1975, 11, 749–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke-Stewart, K. A. And daddy makes three: The father’s impact on mother and young child. Child Development, 1978, 49 (2), 466–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, M. M., & Brassard, J. A. Child development and personal social networks. Child Development, 1979, 50, 601–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowen, E., Pedersen, A., Balijian, H., Isso, L. D., & Trost, M. A. Long term follow-up of early detected vulnerable children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1973, 41, 438–446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, J., & Kendrick, C. Interaction between young siblings in the context of family relationships. In: M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The child and its family: The genesis of behavior (Vol. 2 ). New York: Plenum Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinman, S., & Lewis, M. Maternal effects on infants’ responses to strangers. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Boston, April 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feiring, C. The influence of the child and secondary parent on maternal behavior: Toward a social systems view of early infant-mother attachment. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feiring, C., & Lewis, M. The child as a member of the family system. Behavioral Science, 1978, 23, 225–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feiring, C., & Lewis, M. Sex and age differences in young children’s reaction to frustration: A further look at Goldberg and Lewis (1969) subjects. Child Development, 1979, 50, 848–853.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feiring, C., & Lewis, M. Middle class differences in the mother-child interaction and the child’s cognitive development. In: T. Field (Ed.), Culture and early interactions. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1981.(a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feiring, C., & Lewis, M. The social network of three-year-old children. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development Convention, Boston, April 1981.(b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Feiring, C., & Taylor, J. The influence of the infant and secondary parent on maternal behavior. In: N. D. Colletta and D. Belle (Eds.), Support systems and family functions. Sage Publications, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feiring, C., Lewis, M., & Starr, M. Indirect effects and infants’ reactions to strangers. Developmental Psychology,in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furman, W., Rake, D. F., & Hartup, W. W. Rehabilitation of socially-withdrawn children through mixed-age and same-age socialization. Child Development, 1979, 50, 915–922.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, S., & Lewis, M. Play behavior in the year-old infant: Early sex differences. Child Development, 1969, 40, 21–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Greenbaum, C. W., & Landau, R. Mother’s speech and the early development of vocal behavior: Findings from a cross-cultural observation study in Israel. In: P. H. Leider-man, S. R. Tulkin, and A. Rosenthal (Eds.), Culture and infancy: Variations in the human experience. New York: Academic Press, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, H. F. Age-mate or peer affectional system. In: D. S. Lehrman, R. A. Hende, and E. Shaw (Eds.), Advances in the study of behavior (Vol. 2 ). New York: Academic Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlow, H. F., & Harlow, M. D. The affectionate systems. In: A. M. Schrier, H. F. Harlow, and F. Stollnitz (Eds.), Behavior of nonhuman primates (Vol. 2 ). New York: Academic Press, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, D. H. Competent fathers: Their personality and marriage. Human Development, 1976, 19, 26–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (Eds.). Perspectives on social network research. New York: Academic Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacklin, C. N., & Maccoby, E. E. Social behavior at thirty-three months in same-sex and mixed-sex dyads. Child Development, 1978, 49, 557–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klaus, M., & Kennell, J. Mother-infant bonding. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konner, M. Relations among infants and juveniles in comparative perspective. In: M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), Friendship and peer relations: The origins of behavior (Vol. 4 ). New York: Wiley, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, M. E. The development of sibling relationships in infancy: A short-term longitudinal study. Child Development, 1978, 49, 1189–1196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, G. R. Effects of social networks on the family. In: W. R. Burr, R. Hill, F. Nye, and I. Neiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the family Vol. 1: Research-based theories. New York: Free Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leslie, G. R., & Richardson, A. H. Life cycle, career patterns and the decision to move. American Sociological Reviews, 1961, 26, 894–902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. State as an infant-environment interaction: An analysis of mother-infant interaction as a function of sex. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1972, 18, 95–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. The social network systems: Toward a general theory of social development. In: T. Field (Ed.), Review of human development (Vol. 1 ). New York: Wiley Interscience, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Ban, P. Stability of attachment behavior: A transformational analysis. Paper presented at a symposium on Attachment: Studies in Stability and Change, at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, April 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Feiring, C. The child’s social world. In: R. M. Lerner and G. D. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction: A life-span perspective. New York: Academic Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Feiring, C. The child’s social network: Social object, social functions and their relationship. In M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The child and its family: The genesis of behavior (Vol. 2 ). New York: Plenum Press, 1979.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., Feiring, C. Direct and indirect interactions in social relationships. In: L. Lipsitt (Ed.), Advances in infancy research (Vol. 1). New York: Ablex, 198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Feiring, C. First-born and only children. Final report to the Population Research Bureau. Contract No. 1-HD 82849, Washington, D.C., 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Feiring, C. Some American families at dinner. In: L. M. Laosa and I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Families as learning environments for children. New York: Plenum Press, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Jaskir, J. Infant intelligence and its relationship to birth order and birth spacing. Infant Behavior and Development, 1983, 56, 117–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Kreitzberg, V. The effects of birth order and spacing on mother—infant interactions. Developmental Psychology, 1979, 15 (6), 617–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Rosenblum, L. (Eds.). The origins of fear: The origins of behavior (Vol. 2 ). New York: Wiley, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Rosenblum, L. (Eds.). Interaction, conversation, and the development of language: The origins of behavior (Vol. 5 ). New York: Wiley, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Schaeffer, S. Peer behavior and mother-infant interaction in maltreated children. In: M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The uncommon child: The genesis of behavior (Vol. 3 ). New York: Plenum Press, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., & Weinraub, M. The father’s role in the child’s social network. In: M. E. Lamb (Ed.), Role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., Young, G., Brooks, J., & Michalson, L. The beginning of friendship. In: M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), Friendship and peer relation: The origins of behavior (Vol. 4 ). New York: Wiley, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., Feiring, C., & Weinraub, M. The father as a member of the child’s social network. In: M. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matas, L., Ahrend, R. A., & Sroufe, L. A. Continuity of adaptation in the second year: The relationship between quality of attachment and later competence. Child Development, 1978, 49, 547–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monane, J. H. A sociology of human systems. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R. Perspectives in father-infant interaction. In: J. Osofsky (Ed.), Handbook of infancy. New York: Wiley, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R. D., Power, T. G., & Gottman, J. M. Conceptualizing and qualifying influence patterns in the family triad. In: M. E. Lamb, S. S. Suomi, and G. R. Stephenson (Eds.), Social interaction analysis: Methodological issues. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T., & Bales, R. F. Family socialization and interaction process. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pattison, M. A psychosocial kinship model for family therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1975, 132, 1246–1251.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, F. A. Mother, father and infant as an interactive system. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, September 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, F. A., Anderson, B. J., & Cain, R. L. An approach to understanding link-ups between the parent-infant and spouse relationship. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development meetings, New Orleans, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, F. A., Yarrow, L. J., Anderson, B. J., & Cain, R. L. Conceptualization of father influences in the infancy period. In: M. Lewis and L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The child and its family: The genesis of behavior (Vol. 2 ). New York: Plenum Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pervin, L. A. Current controversies and issues in personality. New York: Wiley, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, P. J. The extended kinship system: Correlates of attitudes on frequency of interaction. Marriage and Family Living, 1962, 24, 333–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rollins, B. C., & Galligan, R. The developing child and marital satisfaction of parents. In: R. Lerner and G. Spanier (Eds.), Child influences on marital and family interaction. New York: Academic Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, P. C. Behavior in public places: Comparisons of couples accompanied and unaccompanied by children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1974, 36, 750–755.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblum, L. A., & Kaufman, I. C. Variations in infant development and response to maternal loss in monkeys. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1968, 38, 418–426.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosser, C., & Harris, G., The family and social change. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rupenthal, G. C., Arling, G. L., Harlow, H. F., Sackett, G. P., & Suomi, S. J. A 10-year perspective of motherless-mother monkey behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1976, 85 (4), 341–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scanzoni, J. Sex roles, women’s work, and marital conflict. Lexington, Mass: D. C. Heath, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sroufe, L. The coherence of individual development. American Psychologist, 1979, 34, 834–841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D. N. The goal and structure of mother—infant play. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1974, 13, 402–421.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suomi, S. J., & Harlow, H. F. Early experience and social development in rhesus monkeys. In: M. E. Lamb (Ed.), Social and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terhune, K. W. A review of the actual and expected consequences of family size. U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health Pub. No. (NIH) 75–779, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, E., Wippman, A., & Sroufe, L. A. Social competence in preschool children as a function of the security of earlier attachment to the mother. Child Development, 1979, 50, 821–829.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willmont, P., & Young, M. Family and class in a London suburb. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E. O. Sociobiology. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zajonc, R. B., Markus, H., & Markus, G. The birth order puzzle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1979, 37, 1325–1341.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lewis, M., Feiring, C., Kotsonis, M. (1984). The Social Network of the Young Child. In: Lewis, M. (eds) Beyond The Dyad. Genesis of Behavior, vol 4. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9415-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9415-1_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9417-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9415-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics