Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

AIDS Prevention among Gay and Lesbian Youth

Psychosocial Stress and Health Care Intervention Guidelines

  • Chapter
Behavioral Aspects of AIDS

Overview

A forgotten, largely invisible minority in twentieth-century society is the gay adolescent. This condition is changing fairly rapidly, primarily in urban and collegiate areas, as increasing numbers of youth are claiming a sexual identity other than the heterosexual one traditionally assumed and desired by society and its agents. These gay and lesbian adolescents must, however, confront a hostile audience which disbelieves that one can be homosexual during adolescence. The premise of this chapter is that the psychosocial stresses that result from this denial may have profound medical consequences in the current reality of the AIDS epidemic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Savin-Williams RC: Gay and Lesbian Youth: Expressions of Identity. Washington, DC, Hemisphere, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Robinson G: Few solutions for a young dilemma. Advocate pp. 14–16, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Albert TJ, Cline F, Feigen GM, et al: Medical problems of homosexuals. Med Aspects Hum Sex 17: 58–81, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  4. American Medical Association’s Council on Scientific Affairs: Health care needs of a homosexual population. JAMA 248: 736–739, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ostrow DG, Sandholzer TA, Felman YM: Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Homosexual Men: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research. New York, Plenum, 1983.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Centers for Disease Control, AIDS Activity Division: AIDS Weekly Surveillance Report, July 24, United States, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sladkin KR: Counseling the sexually active teenager: Reflections from pediatric practice. Pediatrics 10: 681–684, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  8. DiClemente RJ, Boyer CB, Morales ES: Minorities and AIDS: Knowledge, attitudes, and misconceptions among Black and Latino adolescents. Am J Public Health 78: 55–57, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rotheram-Borus MJ, Bradley J: Prevention of HIV infection among adolescents, in Blumenthal S, Eichler A, Weissman, G (eds): Women and AIDS: Promoting Healthy Behaviors. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bingham CR: AIDS and adolescents: Threat of infection and approaches for prevention. J Early Adolesc 9: 50–66, 1989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Brooks-Gunn J, Boyer CB, Hein K: Preventing HIV infection and AIDS in children and adolescents: Behavioral research and intervention strategies. Am Psychol 43: 958–964, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mantel] JE, Schinke SP: The crisis of AIDS for adolescents: The need for preventive risk-reduction interventions, in Roberts AR (ed): Contemporary Perspectives on Crisis Intervention and Prevention. New York, Prentice-Hall, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hein K: AIDS in adolescence: Exploring the challenge. J Adolesc Health Care 10: 10S - 35S, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Rotheram-Borus MJ, Koopman C: AIDS and adolescents, in Lerner R, Peterson A, Brooks-Gunn, J (eds): The Encyclopedia of Adolescence. New York, Garland, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Flora JA, Thoresen CE: Reducing the risk of AIDS in adolescents. Am Psychol 43: 965–970, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Jaffe LR, Wortman RN: The fear of AIDS. J Adolesc Health Care 9: 84–86, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Remafedi G: Preventing the sexual transmission of AIDS during adolescence. J Adolesc Health Care 9: 139143, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  18. DiClemente RJ, Boyer CB, Mills SJ: Prevention of AIDS among adolescents: Strategies for the development of comprehensive risk-reduction health education program. Health Educ Res 2: 287–291, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. de Neergaard L: Reaching adolescents in school in Denmark about AIDS. Hygie 7: 32–33, 1988.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Rotheram-Borus MJ, Koopman C: Adolescent AIDS awareness for runaway and gay youth: A preliminary report of the Triple A Project. Multicult Inquiry Res Aids 3: 1–4, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Rotheram-Borus MJ, Selfridge C, Koopman S et al: The relationship of knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS to safe sex practice among runaway and gay adolescents, in The International Conference on AIDS, Montreal, Canada, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Owen WF: Medical problems of the homosexual adolescent. J Adolesc Health Care 6: 278–285, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Zenilman J: Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual adolescents. J Adolesc Health Care 9: 129–138, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Coates TJ, Temoshok L, Mandel J: Psychosocial research is essential to understanding and treating AIDS. Am Psycho! 39: 1309–1314, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rutter M: Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. Am J Orthopsychiatry 57: 316–331, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Temoshok L: Emotion, adaptation, and disease: A multidimensional theory, in Temoshok L, Van Dyke C, Zegans LS (eds): Emotions in Health and Illness: Theoretical and Research Foundations. New York, Grune Stratton, 1983, pp 207–234.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Garmezy N: Stress resistant children: The search for protective factors, in Stevenson J (ed): Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology. Oxford, Pergamon, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Levy JA, Ziegler JL: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an opportunistic infection and Kaposi’s sarcoma results from secondary immune stimulation. Lancet 1: 78–80, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Berkman LF, Syme SL: Social networks, host resistance and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. Am J Epidemiol 109: 186–204, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kaplan GA: Psychosocial aspects of chronic illness: Direct and indirect associations with ischemic heart disease mortality, in Kaplan RM, Criqui MH (eds): Behavioral Epidemiology and Disease Prevention. New York, Plenum, 1985, pp 237–269.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Mechanic D: Adolescent health and illness behavior: Review of the literature and a new hypothesis for the study of stress. J Hum Stress 9: 4–13, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Buss AH: Self-Consciousness and Social Anxiety. San Francisco, WH Freeman, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bell AP, Weinberg MS, Hammersmith SK: Sexual Preference: Its Development in Men and Women. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Rigg CA: Homosexuality in adolescence. Pediatr Ann 11: 826–829, 1982.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Boxer AM: Betwixt and between: Developmental discontinuities of gay and lesbian youth, in The Society for Research on Adolescence, Alexandria, Virginia, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Remafedi G: Male Homosexuality: The adolescent’s perspective. Pediatrics 79: 326–330, 1987.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Roesler T, Deisher R: Youthful male homosexuality. JAMA 219: 1018–1023, 1972.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Sanders G: (1980). Homosexualities in the Netherlands. Alternative Lifestyles 3: 278–311, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Manosevitz M: Early sexual behavior in adult homosexual and heterosexual males. J Abnorm Psychol 76: 396–402, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dank BM: Coming out in the gay world. Psychiatry 34: 180–197, 1971.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Koodin H, Morin S, Riddle D, et al: Removing the Stigma. Final Report. Task Force on the Status of Lesbian and Gay Male Psychologists. Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  42. McDonald GJ: Individual differences in the coming out process for gay men: Implications for theoretical models. J Homosex 8: 47–60, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Saghir MT, Robins E, Walbran B: Homosexuality. II. Sexual behavior of the male homosexual. Arch Gen Psychiatry 21: 219–229, 1969.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE: Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Van Wyk PH, Geist CS: Psychosocial development of heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual behavior. Arch Sex Behav 13: 505–544, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kimmel D: Adult development and aging: A gay perspective. J Social Issues 34: 113–130, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Malyon AK: The homosexual adolescent: Developmental issues and social bias. Child Welfare 60: 321–330, 1981.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ross-Reynolds G: Issues in counseling the “homosexual” adolescent, in Grimes J (ed): Psychological Approaches to Problems of Children and Adolescents. Des Moines, Iowa State Department of Education, 1982, pp. 55–88.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Glasser M: Homosexuality in adolescence. Br J Med Psychol 50: 217–225, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Chng CL: Adolescent homosexual behavior and the health educator. J School Health 61: 517–520, 1980.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Savin-Williams RC: An ethological perspective on homosexuality during adolescence. J Adolesc Res 2: 283302, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  52. MacDonald GB: Exploring sexual identity: Gay people and their families. Sex Educ Coalition News 5:1, 4, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Robertson R: Young gays, in Hart J, Richardson D (eds): The Theory and Practice of Homosexuality. London, Routledge Kegan Paul, 1981, pp 170–176.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Grellert EA: Childhood play behavior of homosexual and heterosexual men. Psychol Rep 51: 607–610, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Saghir MT, Robins E: Male and Female Homosexuality. Baltimore, Williams Wilkins, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Troiden RR: Becoming homosexual: A model of gay identity acquisition. Psychiatry 42: 362–373, 1979.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Green R: The “Sissy Boys Syndrome” and the Development of Homosexuality. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Coleman E: Developmental states of the coming out process. J Homosex 7: 31–43, 1982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Fisher R: The Gay Mystique: The Myth and Reality of Male Homosexuality. New York, Stein Day, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Martin AD: Learning to hide: The socialization of the gay adolescent. Adolesc Psychiatry 10: 52–65, 1982.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Jay K, Young A: The Gay Report. New York: Summit, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Cass V: Homosexual identity formation: A theoretical model. J Homosex 4: 219–235, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lee JA: Going public: A study in the sociology of homosexual liberation. J Homosex 3: 49–78, 1977.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Weinberg MS, Williams CJ: Male Homosexuals: Their Problems and Adaptations. New York, Penguin, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Braaten U, Darling CD: Overt and covert homosexual problems among male college students. Genet Psychol Monogr 71: 269–310, 1965.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Myrick FL: Homosexual types: An empirical investigation. J Sex Res 10: 226–237, 1984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Jourard SM: The Transparent Self, ed 2. New York, Van Nostrand, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Maslow A: Motivation and Personality. New York, Harper, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  69. deMonteflores C, Schultz SJ: Coming out: Similarities and differences for lesbians and gay men. J Social Issues 34: 59–72, 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Harry J, DeVall WB: The Social Organization of Gay Males. New York: Praeger, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Price JH: High school students’ attitudes toward homosexuality. J School Health 52: 469–474, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Sobel HJ: Adolescent attitudes toward homosexuality in relation to self-concept and body satisfaction. Adolescence 11: 443–453, 1976.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Sorensen R: Adolescent Sexuality in Contemporary Society. New York: World Book, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Rofes EE: Youth: New identities, new issue. Advocate November 27, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Deisher RW, Eisner V, Sulzsbacher SI: The young male prostitute. Pediatrics 43: 936–941, 1969.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Gandy P, Deisher RW: Young male prostitutes: The physician’s role in social rehabilitation. JAMA 212: 1661–1666, 1970.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Harris M: The Dilly Boys: Male Prostitution in Piccadilly. London, Croom Helm, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Letoumeau D: Juvenile male prostitution, in Symposium on Gay and Lesbian Adolescents, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 30–31, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Martin D: Social and educational programs for gay and lesbian youth, in Symposium on Gay and Lesbian Adolescents, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 30–31, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Burnison M: Runaway youth: Lesbian and gay issues, in Symposium on Gay and Lesbian Adolescents, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 30–31, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Deisher R, Robinson G, Boyer D: The adolescent female and male prostitute. Pediatr Ann 11:819–825, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Remafedi G: Symposium on Gay and Lesbian Adolescents, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 30–31,1986.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Schwanberg SL: Changes in labeling homosexuality in health sciences literature: A preliminary investigation. J Homosex 12: 51–73, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Kriegman G: Homosexuality and the educator. J School Health 39: 305–311, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Robinson LH: Adolescent homosexual patterns: Psychodynamics and therapy. Adolesc Psychiatry 8: 42 2433, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Golden E: Health care for gay men and lesbians: Problems and prospects, Unpublished manuscript. Ithaca, New York, Cornell University, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Remafedi GJ: Adolescent homosexuality: Issues for pediatricians. Clin Pediatr 24: 481–485, 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Solnit Ai: Bisexuality gone awry: The child is father to the man. Pediatrics 43: 913–914, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Newton DE, Risch SJ: Homosexuality and education: A review of the issue. High School J 68: 191–202, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Newton DE: Representations of homosexuality in health science textbooks. J Homosex 4: 247–254, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Coates TJ, Petersen AC, Perry CL (eds): Promoting Adolescent Health: A Dialog in Research and Practice. New York, Academic Press, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Greenberg JS: A study of personality change associated with the conducting of a high school unit on homosexuality. J School Health 45: 394–398, 1975.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Calicchia CA, Govemali JF: Attitudes toward homosexuality: Does role-playing have an impact? Health values: Achieving high level wellness. 4: 176–182, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Gonsiorek JC: Mental health problems of gay and lesbian youth, in Symposium on Gay and Lesbian Adolescents, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 30–31, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hart J, Richardson D: The Theory and Practice of Homosexuality. Boston, Routledge Kegan Paul, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Stephan WG, Rosenfield D: Black self-rejection: Another look. J Educ Psycho(71:708–716, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853-4401, USA

    Ritch C. Savin-Williams

  2. Psychological Services, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853-4401, USA

    Rand E. Lenhart

Authors
  1. Ritch C. Savin-Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rand E. Lenhart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

    David G. Ostrow

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Savin-Williams, R.C., Lenhart, R.E. (1990). AIDS Prevention among Gay and Lesbian Youth. In: Ostrow, D.G. (eds) Behavioral Aspects of AIDS. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9386-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9386-4_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9388-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9386-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation