Abstract
In order to provide an historical context in which to view current practice in our field, the first two sections of this chapter are devoted to brief reviews of major developments in preschool special education and neuropsychology. Next, a rationale for the application of neuropsychological techniques in the assessment of young children is provided within which to evaluate the contributions of this approach over more traditional models. The next section addresses general considerations in the assessment of young children. The major portion of the chapter focuses on a description of neuropsychological assessment techniques appropriate for infants and preschool children. Two subsequent sections address other issues relevant to neuropsychological appraisal of this population, handedness and the effects of age. Next we discuss the use of neuropsychological assessment data in the development of educational programs for young children. The chapter concludes with an illustrative case study.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albert, M. A. A simple test of visual neglect. Neurology, 1973, 23, 658–664.
Anderson, W. The hyperkenetic child: A neurologic appraisal. Neurology, 1963, 13, 371–382.
Annet, M. The growth of manual preference and speed. British Journal of Psychology, 1970, 61, 545–558.
Annet, M. Laterality of childhood hemiplegia and the growth of speech and language. Cortex, 1973, 9, 4–33.
Bakan, P. Handedness and birth order. Nature, 1971, 229, 195.
Bakan, P. Left handedness and birth order revisited. Neuropsychologia, 1977, 15, 837.
Bakker, D. J. Hemispheric differences and reading strategies: Two dyslexias? Bulletin of the Orton Society, 1979, 29.
Bakwin, H. Psychiatric aspects of pediatrics: Lateral dominance, right and left handedness. Journal of Pediatrics, 1950, 36, 385–391.
Balow, I. H. Lateral dominance characteristics and reading achievement in first grade. Journal of Psychology, 1963, 55, 323–328.
Bannatyne, A. Language, reading, and learning disabilities. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1971.
Bannatyne, A. D., and Wichiarajote, P. Hemispheric dominance, handedness, mirror imaging, and auditory sequencing. Exceptional Children, 1969, 35, 27–35.
Basser, L. S. Hemiplegia of early onset and the faculty of speech with special reference to the effects of hemispherectomy. Brain, 1962, 85, 427–460.
Bateson, P. P. G. Early experience and sexual preferences. In J. B. Hutchison (Ed.). Biological determinants of sexual behavior. London: Wiley, 1978.
Bayley, N. The predictive value of several different measures of mental growth during the first nine years. Psychological Bulletin, 1939, 36, 571–572.
Bayley, N. Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1969.
Bejar, I. I. Biased assessment of program impact due to psychometric artifacts. Psychological Bulletin, 1980, 87 (3), 513–524.
Bell, R. W. Relations between behavior manifestations in the human neonate. Child Development, 1960, 31, 463–477.
Belmont, L., and Birch, H. G. Lateral dominance, lateral awareness, and reading disability. Child Development, 1965, 36, 59–71.
Benda, C. E. Mongolism. In C. H. Carter (Ed.), Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Bennett, H. S., Selman, J. E., Rapin, I., and Rose, A. Nonconvulsive epileptiform activity appearing as ataxia. American Journal of Diseases in Children, 1982, 136, 30–32.
Bernstein, B. B. Aspects of language and learning in the genesis of the social process. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1961, I, 313–324.
Betz, B. J. Some neurophysiologic aspects of individual behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1979, 136, 1251–1256.
Bever, T. G. Cerebral asymmetries in humans are due to the differen- tiation of two incompatible process: Holistic and analytic. In D. Aaronson and R. Reiber (Eds.), Developmental psycholinguistics and communication disorders. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1975.
Bloom, B. S. Stability and change in human characteristics. New York: Wiley, 1964.
Bockrath, D. A., Gerassimakis, N., and Telzrow, C. F. The relationship of reaction time to cognitive and social measures. Presented to the meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, Toronto, Canada, March, 1982.
Boder, E. Developmental dyslexia: Prevailing concepts and a new diagnostic approach. In H. R. Myklebust (Ed,), Progress in learning disabilities (Vol. 2 ). New York: Grune and Stratton, 1971.
Boehm, A. E., and Sandberg, B. R. Assessment of the preschool child. In C. R. Reynolds and T. Gutkin (Eds.), Handbook of School Psycholology. New York: Wiley, 1982.
Bogen, J. E. Some educational implications of hemispheric specialization. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), The human brain. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
Bogen, J. E., and Gazzaniga, M. S. Cerebral commissurotomy in man: Minor hemisphere dominance for certain visuospatial functions. Journal of Neurosurgery,, 1965, 23: 394–399.
Boll, T. J., and Barth, J. T. Neuropsychology of brain damage in children. In S. B. Filskov and T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
Boller, F. Comprehension disorders in aphasia: A historical review. Brain and Language, 1978, 5, 149–165.
Branch, C., Milner, B., and Rasmussen, T. Intracarotid sodium amytal for the lateralization of cerebral speech dominance. Journal of Neurosurgery, 1964, 21, 399–465.
Brazelton, T. B. Influence of perinatal drugs on the behavior of the neonate. In J. Hellmuth (Ed.), Exceptional infant (Vol. 2 ). New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1971.
Bricker, W., Dennison, L., and Bricker, D. A language intervention program for developmentally young children. Miami: Mailman Center for Child Development, 1976.
Broca, P. Nouvelle observation d’aphemie produite par une lesion de moitie posterieure des duxieme et troisieme cerconvolutions frontale. Societe Anatomique de Paris, 1861, 6, 398–407.
Brodmann, K. Vergleichende lokalisationslehre der grosshirnrinde. Leipzig: Barth, 1909.
Broman, S. H., and Nichols, P. L. Predictors of superior cognitive ability in young children. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, August, 1981.
Broman, S. H., Nochols, P. L., and Kennedy, W. A. Preschool IQ: Prenatal and early development correlates. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1975.
Bronfenbienner, U. Is early intervention effective? A report on longitudinal evaluations of preschool programs (Vol. 2 ). Washington, D.C.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1974.
Buros, O. K. The eighth mental measurements yearbook. Highland Park, N.J.: Gryphon Press, 1978.
Buss, A. H., and Plomin, R. A temperament theory of personality development. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1975.
Butt, C. G. Infectious and immunity. In C. H. Carter (Ed.) Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Callaway, E. Brain electrical potentials and individual psychological differences. New York: Crune and Stratton, 1975.
Caplan, P., and Kinsbourne, M. Baby drops the rattle: Asymmetry of duration of grasp by infants. Child Development, 1976, 47, 532–534.
Carey, W. B., and McDevitt, S. C. Infant temperament questionnaire Unpublished manuscript, 1977. (Available from W. B. Carey, 319 W. Front St., Media, Pa. 19063 ).
Carlberg, C., and Kavale, K. The efficacy of special versus regular class placement for exceptional children: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Special Education, 1980, 14, 295–309.
Carlson, J. S., and Jensen, C. M. Reaction time, movement time, and intelligence: A replication and extension. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Los Angeles, April, 1981.
Carter, C. H. Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Carter, C. H. Handbook of mental retardation syndromes, 3rd edition. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1975.
Cattell, P. Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1960.
Chi, J., Dooling, E., and Gilles, F. Gyral development of the human brain. Annals of Neurology, 1977, 1 (1), 88–93.
Chomsky, N. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1965.
Cicirelli, V. G. The impact of Head Start: An evaluation of the Head Start on children’s cognitive and affective development. Report of a study undertaken by Westinghouse Learning Corporation under contract B 89–4536, Washington, D.C., June, 1969.
Coleman, M. Neonatal diagnosis of the neurologically handicapped. In B. L. Darby and M. J. May (Eds.). Infant assessment: Issues and applications. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, 1979.
Compton, C. A guide to 65 tests for special education. Belmont, Calif.: Pitman Learning, Inc., 1980.
Connally, J. M. The chromosome anomalies. In C. H. Carter (Ed.), Handbook of mental retardation syndromes (3rd edition). Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1975.
Conners, C. Conners teacher questionnaire. In W. Guy (Ed.), ECDEU (Early clinical drug evaluation unit) assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Rockville, Md.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1976.
Conners, C. Rating scales for use in drug studies in children. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1973, 24–84.
Cooley, W. W. Who needs general intelligence? In L. B. Resnick (Ed.) The nature of intelligence. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1976.
Coplan, J. Parental estimate of child’s developmental level in a high-risk population. American Journal of Diseases in Children, 1982, 136, 101–104.
Cross, L., and Goin, K. (Eds.) Identifying handicapped children: A guide to case finding, screening, diagnosis, assessment, and evaluation. New York: Walker and Co., 1977.
Das, J. P., Kirby, J., and Jarman, R. F. Simultaneous and successive synthesis: An alternative model for cognitive abilities. Psycholo);ical Bulletin, 1975, 82, 87–103.
Dawdy, S. C. Pediatric neuropsychology: Caring for the developmentally dyspraxic child. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1981, 3, 30–37.
Dean, R. S. and Smith, L. S. Personality and lateral preference patterns in children. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1981, 3, 22–28.
Diebold, M. H., Curtis, W. S., DuBose, R. F. Relationships between psychometric and observational measures of performance in low-functioning children. American Association for the Education of Severely Profoundly Handicapped Review, 1978, 2, 123–128.
Diller, L., and Gordon, W. A. Rehabilitation and clinical neuropsychology. In S. B. Filskov and T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
Dmitriev, V. Infant learning program for Down’s syndrome. In B. L. Darby and M. J. May (Eds.), Infant assessment: Issues and applications. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, 1979.
Doris, J. The evaluation of the intellect of the brain-damaged child: Historical development and present status. In A. J. Solnit and S. A. Provence (Eds.), Modern perspectives in child development. New York: International Universities Press, 1963.
Drotar, D., Baskiewicz, N., Irving, N., Kennell, J., and Klaus, M. The adaptation of parents to the birth of an infant with a congenital malformation: A hypothetical model. Pediatrics, 1975, 56, 710–717.
DuBose, R. Predictive value of infant intelligence scale with multiply handicapped children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1977, 81, 388–390.
Dunleavy, R. A., and Baade, L. E. Neuropsychological correlates of severe asthma in children 9–14 years old. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1980, 48, 214–219.
Dunn, J. B., and Richards, M. P. M. Observations on the developing relationship between mother and baby in the neonatal period. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction. London: Academic Press, 1977.
Epstein, H. Prenoblysis: Special brain and mind growth periods: I. Human brain and skull development. Developmental Psychobiology, 1974, 1, 297–316.
Epstein, H. T. Growth spurts during brain development: Implications for educational policy and practice. In J. S. Chall and A. F. Mirsky (Eds.), Education and the brain. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.
Epstein, H. T., and Epstein, E. B. The relationship between brain weight and head circumference from birth to age 18 years. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1978, 48, 471–474.
Ertel, I. J. Brain tumors in children. CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 1980, 30, 306–321.
Evans, R., and Sparrow, M. Some new departures in the assessment of early childhood development. Association of Educational Psychologists Journal, 1976, 4 (1), 14–20.
Fedio, P., and Mirsky, A. F. Selective intellectual deficits in children with temporal lobe or centracephalic epilepsy. Neuropsychologia, 1969, 7, 287–300.
Fiengold, M. Hand abnormalities in malformation syndromes associated with mental retardation. In R. F. Murray and P. L. Rosser (Eds.), The genetic, metabolic, and developmental aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1972.
Filskov, S. B., Grimm, B. H., and Lewis, J. A. Brain-behavior relationships. In S. B. Filskov and T. J. Boll (Eds.). Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: Wiley, 1981.
Finlayson, M. A. J. A behavioral manifestation of the development of interhemispheric transfer of learning in children. Cortex, 1976, 12, 290–295.
Forcade, M. C., Matey, M. C., and Barnett, D. W. Procedural guidelines for low incidence assessment. School Psychology Digest, 1979, 8 (3), 248–256.
Fox, N., and Lewis, M. Motor asymmetries in preterm infants: Effects of prematurity and illness. Developmental Psychobiology, 1982, 15 (1), 19–23.
Fraiberg, S. Intervention in infancy: A proposal for blind infants. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 1971, 10, 381–405.
Fraiberg, S. Blind infants and their mothers: Examination of the sign system. In M. Lewis and L. A. Rosenblum (Eds.). The effect of the infant on its caregiver. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1974.
Fredericks, H. D., Baldwin, V., Cerove, D. A home-center parent training model. In J. Grimm (Ed.), Parents to teach: Four models. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Technical Assistance Development Systems, 1974.
Freedman, A. M., and Wilson, E. A. Mental retardation associated with conditions due to trauma or physical agents in the prenatal period. In C. H. Carter (Ed.), Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Friedlander, S., Pothier, P., Morrison, D., and Herman, L. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1982, 52, 102–108.
Gaddes, W. H. An examination of the validity of neuropsychological knowledge in educational diagnosis and remediation. In G. W. Hynd and J. E. Obrzut (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment and the school-age child. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1981.
Gadow, K. D. Children on medication: A primer for school personnel. Reston, Va.: Council for Exceptional Children, 1979.
Galaburda, A. M., LeMay, M., Kempter, T. L., and Geschwind, N. Right-left asymmetries in the brain. Science, 1978, 199, 852–856.
Gallagher, J. J. A comparison of brain-injured and non-brain-injured mentally retarded children on several psychological variables. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Inc., 1957, 22, Serial No. 65, 2.
Gasparrini, B., Shealy, C., and Walters, D. Differences in size and spatial placement of drawings of left versus right hemisphere brain-damaged patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1980, 48, 670–672.
Gates, A., and Bradshaw, J. The role of the cerebral hemispheres in music. Brain and language, 1977, 4, 403–431.
Gellis, S. S., Fiengold, M., and Rutman, J. Y. Atlas of mental retardation syndromes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1968.
Geschwind, N. Asymmetries of the brain: New developments. Bulletin of the Orton Society, 1979, 29, 67–73.
Geschwind, N. Specializations of the human brain. The brain. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1979.
Geschwind, N., and Levitsky, W. Human brain, left-right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science, 1968, 161, 186–187.
Gesell, A., and Ames, L. B. The development of handedness. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1947, 70, 155–175.
Griffin, M. Assessing infant and toddler development. In B. Weissbourd and J. Musick (Eds.), Infants: Their social environments. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1981.
Golden, C. J. The Luria-Nebraska Children’s Battery: Theory and formulation. In G. W. Hynd and J. E. Obrzut (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment and the school-age child. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1981.
Goldman, P. S. The role of experience in recovery of function following arbital prefrontal lesions in infant monkeys. Neuropsychologia, 1976, 14, 401–411.
Goodglass, H., and Quadfasel, F. Language laterality in left-handed aphasics. Brain, 1954, 77, 521–548.
Goodwin, W. L., and Driscoll, L. A. Handbook for measurement and evaluation in early childhood education. San Francisco: Josey-Bass Publishers, 1980.
Gordon, B. H. Child temperament and adult behavior: An exploration of “goodness of fit.” Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 1981, 11, 167–178.
Gordon, H. W. Auditory specialization of the right and left hemispheres. In M. Kinsbourne and W. L. Smith (Eds.), Hemispheric disconnection and cerebral function. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1974.
Gubbay, S. S., Lobascher, M., and Kengerlee, P. A neurological appraisal of autistic children. Results of a western Australian survey. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1970, 12, 422–429.
Guess, D., Horner, B., Utley, J., Holvolt, D., Maxon, D., Tucker, D., and Warren, S. A functional curriculum sequencing model for teaching the severely handicapped. American Association for the Education of Severely and Profoundly Handicapped Review, 1978, 3, 202–215.
Guilford, J. P. The nature of human intelligence. New York: McGraw Hill, 1967.
Guilford, J. P., and Hoepfner, R. The analysis of intelligence. New York: McGraw Hill, 1971.
Gunn, P., Berry, P., and Andrews, R. J. The temperament of Down’s syndrome infants: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 1981, 22, 189–194.
Hardyck, C., and Petrinovich, L. Left handedness. Psychological Bulletin, 1977, 84, 385–404.
Hardyck, C., Petrinovich, L., and Goldman, R. Left-handedness and cognitive deficit. Cortex, 1976, 12, 266–279.
Harrington, R. G. A review of Sattler’s modifications of standard intelligence tests for use with handicapped children. The School Psychology Digest, 1979, 8, 296–302.
Harris, A. J. Lateral dominance, directional confusion, and reading disability. Journal of Psychology, 1957, 44, 283–294.
Hartlage, L. C. Management of common clinical problems: Learning disabilities. School Related Health Care, (Ross Laboratories Monograph #9), 1979, 28–33.
Hartlage, L. C. Neuropsychological assessment of anticonvulsant drug toxicity. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1981, 3, 20–22.
Hartlage, L. C. Neuropsychological assessment techniques. In C. R. Reynolds and T. Gutkin (Eds.), Handbook of school psychology, New York: Wiley, 1982.
Hartlage, L. C., and DeFilippis, N. H. History of neuropsychological assessment. In C. J. Golden and P. Vicente (Eds.), Foundations in clinical neuropsychology, in press.
Hartlage, L. C., and Lucas, D. G. Mental development evaluation of the pediatric patient. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Co., 1973.
Hartlage, L. C., and Hartlage, P. L. Neuropsychological principles and learning disabilities. In L. Tarnapol and M. Tarnapol (Eds.), Brain function and reading disabilities, Baltimore: University Park Press, 1977.
Hartlage, L. C., and Hartlage, P. L. Psychological testing in neurological diagnosis. In J. R. Youmens (Ed.), Neurological surgery, (2nd edition). New York: W. B. Saunders Co., 1982.
Hartlage, L. C., and Reynolds, C. R. Neuropsychological assessment and the individualization of instruction. In G. W. Hynd and J. E. Obrzut (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of the school-age child: Issues and procedures. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1981.
Hartlage, L. C., Stovall, K. W., and Hartlage, P. L. Age related neuropsychological sequelae of Reye’s Syndrome. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1980, 21, 83–86.
Hartlage, L. C., and Telzrow, C. F. The practice of clinical neuropsychology in the U.S. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1980, 2, 200–202.
Hartlage, L. C., and Telzrow, C. R. Neuropsychological assessment of young children. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1981, 3 (3), 41–43.
Hartlage, L. C., and Telzrow, C. F. Neuropsychological assessment. In K. Paget and B. Bracken (Eds.), Psychoeducational assessment of preschool and primary aged children. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1982.
Hartlage, L. C., and Telzrow, C. R. Neuropsychological disorders in children. Effects of medication on learning and behavior in hyperactivity. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 1982, 15, 55–65.
Hartlage, L. C., and Telzrow, C. R. Specific medical tests which predict specific learning outcomes. In W. Cruikshank and J. Lerner (Eds.), The best of ACLD, Vol. I II. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1981.
Hartlage, L. C., and Telzrow, C. F. The neuropsychological aspects of childhood epilepsy. In G. Goldstein and R. Tarter (Eds.), Neuropsychological disorders of children. New York: Plenum, in press.
Hartlage, L. C., and Telzrow, C. R. Neuropsychological basis of educational assessment and programming. In P. E. Logue and J. M. Schear (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology: A multi-disciplinary approach. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, in press.
Hartlage, P. L., and Givens, T. S. Common neurological problems of school-age children: Case histories. In C. R. Reynolds and T. Gutkin (Eds.), The handbook of school psychology. New York: Wiley, 1982.
Hayden, A. H., Morris, R., and Bailey, D. Final report: Effectiveness of early education for handicapped children. USOE, Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, DREW, 1977.
Hecaen, H., and DeAjuriaguerra, J. Left handedness. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1964.
Heron, W. Perception as a function of retinal lo focus and attention. American Journal of Psychology, 1957, 70, 38–48.
Hicks, R. A., and Pelligrini, R. J. Handedness and anxiety. Cortex, 1978, 14, 119–121.
Hicks, R. A., Pelligrini, R. J., Evans, E. A., and Moore, J. D. Birth risk and left handedness reconsidered. Archives of Neurology, 1979, 36, 119–120.
Hohenegger, M., Carter, R. L., and Satz, P. Aphasia and speech organization in righthanded children. Presented to the annual meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, Atlanta, February, 1981.
Hollander, B. The mental functions of the brain. New York: The Knickerboker Press, 1901.
Hollingshead, A. B., and Redlich, F. C. Two factor index of social position. New Haven, Conn.: Authors, 1957.
Hsia, D. Y. Human biochemical genetics and mental retardation. In C. H. Carter (Ed.). Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Hubbard, J. I. Handedness not a function of birth order. Nature, 1971, 232, 276–277.
Hubell, D. H., and Wiesel, T. N. Brain mechanisms of vision. The brain. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1979.
Hunt, J. McV. Intelligence and experience. New York: Ronald Press, 1961.
Hunt, J. McV., and Paraskevopoulos, J. Children’s psychological development as a function of the inaccuracy of their mother’s knowledge of their abilities. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1980, 136, 285–298.
Ingram, D. Motor asymmetries in young children. Neuropsychologia, 1975, 14, 95–102.
Ives, L. A. Learning difficulties in children with epilepsy. British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1970, 5 (1), 77–84.
Jastrow, J. The time-relations of mental phenomena. New York: N.D.C. Hodges, 1890.
Jensen, A. R. Hierarchical theories of mental ability. In W. B. Dockrell (Ed.), On intelligence. London: Methuen and Co., 1970.
Jensen, A. R. g: Outmoded theory of unconquered frontier? Creative Science and Technology, 1979, 2, 16–29.
Jensen, A. R. Chronometric analysis of intelligence. Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 1980, 3, 103–122.
Jensen, A. R. Reaction time and psychometric A. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), A model for intelligence. New York: Springer, 1981.
Jensen, A. R. Effects of inbreeding on mental-ability factors. Personality and Individual Differences, 1983, 4, 71–87
Jensen, A. R., Schafer, E. W. P., and Crinella, F. M. Reaction time, evoked brain potentials, and psychometric p in the severely retarded. Intelligence, 1981, 5, 179–197.
Johnson, H. W. Preschool test descriptions. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979.
Jones, O. H. M. Mother-child communication with pre-linguistic Down’s syndrome and normal infants. In H. R. Schaffer (Ed.), Studies in mother-infant interaction. London: Academic Press, 1977.
Jorm, A. F. The cognitive and neurological basis of developmental dyslexia: A theoretical framework and review. Cognition, 1979, 7, 1933.
Kagan, J. Change and continuity in infancy. New York: Wiley, 1971.
Kappelman, M. M. Prenatal and perinatal factors which influence learning. In J. Hellmuth (Ed.), Exceptional infant (Vol. 2 ). New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1971.
Kaufman, A. S., Zalma, R., and Kaufman, N. L. Motor coordination, mental ability, and right-left awareness of young normal children. Child Development, 1978, 49, 885–888.
Kearsley, R. B. Cognitive assessment of the handicapped infant: The need for an alternative approach. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1981, 51 (1), 43–54.
Kimura, D. Dual functional asymmetry of the brain in visual perception. Neuropsychologia, 1966, 4, 275–285.
Kinsbourne, M. The ontogeny of cerebral dominance. In A. Haronson and R. Reiber (Eds.). Developmental psycholinguistics and communication disorders. New York:. New York Academy of Science, 1975.
Kinsbourne, M. The development of cerebral dominance. In S. B. Filskov and T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: Wiley, 1981.
Klein, H. A. Early childhood group care: Predicting adjustment from individual temperament. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1980, 137, 125–131.
Knobloch, H., Gross, S., Holsapple, R., Lafave, H., Stevens, F., and Tate, J. Do mothers’ answers to a questionnaire adequately evaluate the development of infants? Journal of Pediatric Research, 1973, 7, 296.
Lachman, R., Lachman, J. L., and Butterfield, E. C. Cognitive psychology and information processing: An introduction. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1979.
Lambert, N. (Ed.) Special education assessment matrix. Monterey, Calif.: CTB/McGraw-Hill, 1981.
Languis, M., Sanders, T., and Tipps, S. Brain and learning. Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1980.
Lansford, A. The high risk infant. In M. J. Krajicek and A. I. Tearney (Eds.). Detection of developmental problems in children. Baltimore, Md.: University Park Press, 1977.
Lazar, I., and Darlington, R. B. Lasting effects after preschool. Washington, D.C.: Office of Human Development Services, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1978.
Lenneberg, L. H. Biological foundations of language. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1967.
Leon, P. E., Bonilla, J. A., Sanchez, J. R., Vanegas, R., Villalobos, M., Torres, L., Leon, F., Howell, A. L., and Rodriguez, J. A. Low frequency hereditary deafness in man with childhood onset. American Journal of Human Genetics, 1981, 33, 209–214.
Lerner, J., Mardell-Czudnowski, C., and Golden, D. Special education for the early childhood years. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1981.
Levine, M. D., Wolman, R., Oberklaid, F., Pierson, D. E. The longitudinal study of findings in childhood. American Journal of Diseases in Children, 1982, 136, 303–309.
Levy, J. Cerebral asymmetries as manifested in split-brain man. In M. Kinsbourne and W. L. Smith (Eds.), Hemispheric disconnection and cerebral function. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1974.
Levy, J. Cerebral asymmetry and the psychology of man. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), The brain and psychology. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
Levy, J., and Levy, J. M. Human lateralization from head to foot: Sex related factors. Science, 1978, 200 (16), 1291–1292.
Levy, J., and Reid, M. Variations in cerebral organization. Science, 1976, 194, 337–339.
Lewkowicz, D. J., and Turkewitz, G. Influence of hemispheric specialization in sensory processing on reaching in infants: Age and gender related effects. Developmental Psychology, 1982, 18, 301–308.
Ley, R. G., and Bryden, M. P. A dissociation of right and left hemisphere effects by recognizing emotional tone and verbal content. Brain and Cognition, 1982, 1, 3–9.
Lezak, M. D. Neuropsychological assessment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.
Lorihcz, A. E. Hurler’s syndrome. In C. H. Carter (Ed.), Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Lubs, M. Genetic disorders. In M. J. Krajicek and A. I. Tearney (Eds.). Detection of developmental problems in children. Baltimore, Md.: University Park Press, 1977.
Luria, A. R. Higher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books, 1966.
Marcel, T., Katz, L., and Smith, M. Laterality and reading proficiency. Neuropsychologia, 1974, 12, 131–139.
Mark, H. J., and Mark, S. A. Neuropsychology examinations in young children. In J. Hellmuth (Ed.). Exceptional Infant, Vol. 2. New York: Brunner-Mazel, 1971.
McCall, R. B., Hogarty, P. S., and Hurlburt, N. Transitions in infant sensorimotor development and the prediction of childhood IQ. American Psychologist, 1972, 27, 728–748.
McCarthy, D. Manual for the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1972.
McFie, J. The effects of hemispherectomy on intellectual functioning in cases of infantile hemiplegia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 1961, 24, 240–249.
McGlone, J., and Davidson, W. The relation between cerebral speech laterality and spatial ability with special reference to sex and hand preference. Neuropsychologia, 1973, 11, 105–113.
McKeever, W. F. Handwriting posture in left-handers: Sex, familial sinistrality and language laterality correlates. Neuropsychologia, 1979, 17, 429–444.
McKeever, W. F., and Jackson, T. L. Cerebral dominance assessed by object-and-color-naming latencies: Sex and familial sinistrality effects. Brain and Language, 1979, 7, 175–190.
Meiser, S. J., and Anastasiow, N. J. The risks of prediction: Relationships between etiology, handicapping conditions, and developmental outcome. In S. Moore and C. Cooper (Eds.), The young child: Reviews of research (Vol. 3 ). Washington, D.C.: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1980.
Mercer, J. R. The struggle for children’s rights: Critical juncture for school psychology. The School Psychology Digest, 1977, 6, 4–18.
Mercer, J. R., and Lewis, J. F. Manual for the System of Multicultural, Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA). New York: Psychological Corporation, 1978.
Milner, B. Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. British Medical Bulletin, 1971, 27, 272–277.
Milern, B. Hemispheric specialization: Scope and limits. In F. O. Smith and F. C. Worden (Eds.), The neuroscience: Third study program. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1974.
Moody, E. J. Sign language acquisition by a global aphasic. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1982, 170, 113–116.
Muehl, S. Relation between word-recognition errors and hand-eye preference in preschool children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1963, 54, 316–321.
Murphy, L. B., and Moriarity, A. E. Vulnerability, coping, and growth. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976.
Murray, J. N. (Ed.) Developing assessment programs for the multihandicapped child. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1980.
Nacshon, I. Hemispheric dysfunctioning in schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1980, 168, 241–242.
Nebes, R. D. Man’s so-called minor hemisphere. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), The human brain. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall, 1966.
Neisser, U. Cognitive psychology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966.
Netley, C. Dichotic listening performance of hemispherectomized patients. Neuropsychologia, 1972, 10, 223–240.
Nettlebeck, T., and Brewer, N. Studies of mild mental retardation and timed performance. In N. R. Ellis (Ed.), International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, New York: Academic Press, 1981.
Newlin, D. B., and Golden, C. J. Hemispheric asymmetries in manic depressive patients: Relationship to hemispheric processing of affect. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1980, 2, 163–169.
Nickel, R. E., Bennett, F. C., and Lamson, F. N. School performance of children with birth weights of 1,000 g or less. American Journal of Diseases in Children, 1982, 136, 105–110.
Nuffield, E. J. A. Neurophysiology and behavior disorders in epileptic children. Journal of Mental Science, 1961, 107, 438–458.
Orton, S. T. Reading, writing, and speech problems in children. New York: Norton, 1937.
Piaget, J. Piaget’s theory. In P. H. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael’s manual of child psychology, 3rd edition, Vol. I. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1970.
Pirozzolo, F. J. The neuropsychology of developmental reading disorders. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1979.
Pond, D. A. Psychiatric aspects of epileptic and brain-damaged children. British Medical Journal, 1961, ii(1), 377–382, 1454–1459.
Prechtl, H. F. R. The mother-child interaction in babies with minimal brain damage. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), Determinants of infant behavior, Vol. 2, London: Methuen and Co., 1961.
Ramey, C. T. Methods of assessing mother-infant interactions. In B. L. Darby and M. J. May (Eds.), Infant assessment: Issues and applications. Washington, D. C.: Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, 1979.
Reichle, J., Williams, W., Vogelsberg, T., and Williams, F. O. Curricula for the severely handicapped: Components and evaluation criteria. Quality education for the severely handicapped. Washington, D.C.: Office of Special Education, 1980.
Reitan, R. M. Psychological assessment of deficits associated with brain lesions in subjects with normal and subnormal intelligence. In J. L. Khanna (Ed.), Brain damage and mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1968.
Reitan, R. M., and Davison, L. A. (Eds.). Clinical neuropsychology: Current status and applications. Washington, D.C.: Winston and Sons, 1974.
Report on preschool education, 1979, 11 ( 20 ). Washington, D.C.: Capital Publications, Inc.
Reschly, D. J. Assessing mild mental retardation: The influence of adaptive behavior, sociocultural status, and prospects for non-biased assessment. In C. R. Reynolds and T. Gutkin (Eds.), Handbook of school psychology. New York: Wiley, 1982.
Resnick, L. B. (Ed.). The nature of intelligence. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1976.
Resnick, L. B., and Glaser, R. Problem solving and intelligence. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), The nature of intelligence. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1976.
Reynolds, C. R. Neuropsychological assessment and the habilitation of learning: Considerations in the search for the aptitude x treatment interaction. School Psychology Review, 1981, 10, 343–349. (a)
Reynolds, C. R. The neuropsychological basis of intelligence. In G. W. Hynd and J. E. Obrzut (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of the school-aged child: Issues and procedures. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1981. (b)
Reynolds, C. R., Hartlage, L. C., and Haak, R. The relationship between lateral preference, as determined by neuropsychological test performance, and aptitude-achievement discrepancies. Clinical Neuropsychology, 1981, 3, 19–22.
Ringler, L. H., and Smith, I. L. Learning modality and word recognition of first grade children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1973, 6, 307–312.
Ritchie, D. Early childhood in the public schools. Seattle: Western States Technical Assistance Resources, 1979.
Roberts, L. Aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia in abnormal states of cerebral dominance. In P. J. Vinken and G. W. Bruyn (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neurology. New York: Wiley, 1969.
Rosenberg, J. B., and Weller, G. M. Minor physical anomalies and academic performance in young school children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1973, 15, 131–135.
Ross, A. O. The exceptional child in the family. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1964.
Ross, E. D. The aprosodias: Functional-anatomical organization of the affective components of language in the right hemisphere. Archives of Neurology, 1981, 38, 561–569.
Rourke, B. P. Neuropsychological assessment of children with learning disabilities. In S. B. Filskov and T. J. Boll (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
Rubin, S. S. Expressive language deficits in preschool children and faulty development of the self. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1982, 52, 58–64.
Rugel, R. P. The value of parental report of family disorders and pregnancy and birth complications in reading disabled and normal children. Psychology in the Schools, 1978, 15, 583–587.
Rutter, M., Graham, P., and Yule, W. A neuropsychiatric study in childhood. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1970.
Sattler, J. M. Assessment of children’s intelligence and special abilities. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1982.
Sattler, J. M., and Anderson, N. E. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Stanford Binet, and Stanford-Binet modified with normal and cerebral palsied preschool children. Journal of Special Education, 1973, 1, 119–123.
Satz, P. Left-handedness and early brain insult: An explanation. Neuropsychologia, 1973, 11, 115–117.
Scarr, S. Testing for children: Assessment and the many determinants of intellectual competence. American Psychologist, 1981 36, 1159–1166.
Scarr-Salapatek, S. An evolutionary perspective in infant intelligence: Specific patterns and individual variations. In M. Lewis (Ed.), Origins of intelligence. New York: Plenum Press, 1976.
Schaffer, H. R., and Emerson, P. E. Patterns of response to physical contact in early human development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1964, 5, 1–13.
Schwartz, P. Parturitional injury of the newborn as a cause of mental deficiency and allied conditions. In C. H. Carter (Ed.), Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1965.
Schweinhart, L. J., and Weikart, D. P. Young children grow up: The effects of the Perry Preschool Program on Youths through age 15. Ypsilanti, Mich.: Monographs of the High/Scope Education Research Foundation: 71SSN 0149–242X, 1980.
Searleman, A., Tsao, Y. C., and Balzer, W. A reexamination of the relationship between birth stress and handedness. Clinical Neuro-psychology, 1980, 2, 124–129.
Spearman, C. The abilities of man. New York: MacMillan, 1927.
Spearman, C., and Wynn Jones, L. L. Human ability. London: MacMillan and Co., 1950.
Sperry, R. W. Lateral specialization of cerebral function in the surgically separated hemispheres. In F. J. McGuigan (Ed.), The psychophysiology of thinking. New York: Academic Press, 1973.
Sperry, R. W., and Gazzaniga, M. S. Language following surgical disconnection of the hemispheres. In W. L. Darley (Ed.), Brain mechanisms underlying speech and language. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1966.
Sperry, R. W., Gazzaniga, M. S., and Bogen, J. E. Interhemispheric relationships: The neocortical commissures; syndromes of their disconnection. In P. J. Vinken and G. W. Brayn (Eds.), Handbook of clincial neurology. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Co., 1969.
Sprague, R., and Sleator, E. Methylphenidate and hyperkinetic children: Differences in dose effects on learning and social behavior. Science, 1977, 198, 1974.
Springer, S. P., and Deutsch, G. Left brain, right brain. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co., 1981.
Sternberg, R. J. Testing and cognitive psychology. American Psychologist, 1981, 36, 1181–1189.
Swanson, M. W. Early motor development: Assessment and intervention. In B. L. Darby and M. J. May (Eds.), Infant assessment: Issues and applications. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, 1979.
Swerdlik, M. E. The question of the comparability of the WISC and WISC-R: Review of the research and implicatons for school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 1977, 14, 260–270.
Sylvester, R., Chall, J. S., Wittrock, M. C., and Hart, L. A. Symposium: Educational implications of recent brain research. Educational Leadership, 1981, 39, 6–17.
Telzrow, C. F. Brain development and the curriculum. Educational Forum, 1981, 64, 477–483. (a)
Telzrow, C. F., Ellison, C. L., and Bohmer, D. S. A model for comprehensive service delivery for preschool handicapped children. Maple Heights, Ohio: Cuyahoga Special Education Service Center, 1981.
Telzrow, C. F., and Hartlage, L. C. Reaction time as a predictor of PPVT performance in preschoolers. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., August, 1982.
Telzrow, C. F., and Hartlage, L. C. Visual field indicators of cerebral asymmetry in preschool children. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.: August, 1982.
Telzrow, C. F., Hartlage, L. C., and Noonan, M. Growth spurts in mental development: Facts vs. artifacts. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Psychological Association, Dallas, April, 1982.
Terman, L. D., and Merrill, M. A. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Lombard, Ill.: Riverside Publishing Co., 1960.
Thomas, A., and Chess, S. Temperament and development. New York: Brunner/Mazel, Inc., 1977.
Thurstone, L. L. Psychological implications of factor analysis. American Psychologist, 1948, 3, 402–408.
Trevarthen, C. Functional organization of the human brain. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), The brain and psychology. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
Vandever, T. R., and Neville, D. D. Modality aptitude and word recognition. Journal of Reading Behavior, 1974, 6, 195–201.
Vernon, P. A. Reaction time and intelligence in the mentally retarded. Intelligence, 1981, 5, 345–355.
Wada, J., and Rasmussen, T. Intracarotid injection of sodium amytal for the lateralization of cerebral dominance. Journal of Neurosurgery, 1960, 17, 266–282.
Waldrop, M. F., and Halverson, C. F. Minor physical anomalies and hyperactive behavior in young children. In J. Hellmuth (Ed.), The exceptional infant, Vol. 2. New York: Brunner/hazel, 1971.
Waldrop, M. F., Pederson, F. A., and Bell, R. Q. Minor physical anomalies and behavior in preschool children. Child Development, 1968, 39, 391.
Walker, D. K. Socioemotional measures for preschool and kindergarten. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1973.
Watts, G. O. Dynamic neuroscience: Its application to brain disorders. Hagerstown, Md.: Harper and Row, 1975.
Waugh, R. P. Relationship between modality preference and performance. Exceptional Children, 1973, 39, 465–469.
Weaver, E. N. Hydrocephalus, intracranial aneurysms, intracranial vascular malformations, cerebral cysts, intracranial tumors, premature craniosynostosis. In C. H. Carter (Ed.), Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: 1965. (a)
Weaver, E. N. Mental impairment after head injury. In C. H. Carter (Ed.), Medical aspects of mental retardation. Springfield, Ill.: 1965. (a)
Wechsler, D. A. Manual for the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1967.
Wellman, M. M. Familial sinistrality, hand position, and verbal lateralization in children. Presented at the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, August, 1981.
Wernicke, C. Der aphasic symtomen Komplex. Berlin: Breslau, Cohn, Weigert, 1874.
Werry, J. Studies on the hyperactive child. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1968, 19, 9–16.
Wilkening, G. N., and Golden, C. J. Pediatric neuropsychology: Status, research and theory. In P. Karoly and J. Steffen (Eds.), Advances in child behavior analysis and therapy. New child health psychology; Integrating child psychology and medicine. New York: Gardener, in press.
Wilson, C. C. Behavioral assessment: Questionnaires. School Psychology Review, 1980, 9, 58–66.
Witelson, S. Developmental dyslexia: Two right hemispheres and none left. Science, 1977, 195, 309–311.
Witelson, S. F., and Pallie, W. Left hemisphere specialization for language in the newborn. Brain, 1973, 96, 641–646.
York, R., and Williams, W. Curricula and ongoing assessment for individualized programming in the classroom. In B. Wilcox, F. Kohl, T. Vogelsong, B. Reguly, and M. Hagen (Eds.), The severely and profoundly handicapped child: Proceedings from the 1977 statewide institute for educators of severely and profoundly handicapped. Champaign, Ill., 1977.
Ysseldyke, J. E., and Mirkin, P. K. The use of assessment information to plan instrucitonal objectives: A review of the research. In C. R. Reynolds and T. Gutkin (Eds.), The Handbook of school psychology. New York: Wiley, 1982.
Zigler, E., and Valentine, J. Project Head Start: A legacy of the war on poverty. New York: The Free Press, 1979.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Telzrow, C.F., Hartlage, L.C. (1983). Evaluation and Programming for Infants and Preschoolers with Neurological and Neuropsychological Impairments. In: Reynolds, C.R., Clark, J.H. (eds) Assessment and Programming for Young Children with Low-Incidence Handicaps. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9298-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9298-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-9300-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-9298-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive