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Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control pp 11–33Cite as

Genetic Variation in Retroviruses

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Part of the book series: Applied Virology Research ((AVIR,volume 2))

Abstract

Retroviruses are a highly specialized group of viruses whose members are closely related in genetic organization, virion structure, and mode of replication, yet within this common framework they display an unparalleled diversity of biologic effects on their host. On a large scale, retroviruses have evolved to occupy a wide variety of distinct lifestyles—ranging from a completely benign transposable elementlike association with host germline that can span millennia to horizontal infections that lead to the death of the infected host with lytic, immunologic, or neoplastic disease. On a microscale, retroviruses can often undergo dramatic changes in genome structure during infection of a single host. Examples of this include the reproducible acquisition of oncogenes by slowly oncogenic viruses, the elaborately orchestrated series of recombinations and mutational events that create pathogenic out of benign viruses during the lifetime of certain mice, and the rapid variation in nucleotide sequence seen in the envelope gene of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lenti viruses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02111

    John M. Coffin

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  1. John M. Coffin
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, H3C 3J7, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Edouard Kurstak

  2. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    R. G. Marusyk

  3. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    F. A. Murphy

  4. Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France

    M. H. V. Van Regenmortel

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Coffin, J.M. (1990). Genetic Variation in Retroviruses. In: Kurstak, E., Marusyk, R.G., Murphy, F.A., Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (eds) Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control. Applied Virology Research, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9271-3_2

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