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Nairoviruses

Characteristics and Disease Distribution

  • Chapter
Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control

Part of the book series: Applied Virology Research ((AVIR,volume 2))

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Abstract

The family Bunyaviridae comprises over 200 viruses (Bishop et al., 1980), which share the following characteristics: The particles are spherical, 80–110 nm in diameter, and have a lipid envelope from which protrude 5- to I1-nm polypeptide spikes. The envelope encloses three helical nucleocapsids; the genome comprises three strands of single-stranded RNA (L, large; M, medium; S, small); each segment is complexed with the nucleocapsid protein (N) and linked by 3′–5′ end sequence hydrogen bonding into a closed circle. In addition to N, the viral polypeptides include two glycoproteins, designated Gl and G2, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The genome is in negative sense; replication involves transcription of the RNA into positive sense. Although coding assignments have been completed for other bunyavirus genera, this is not the case for the nairoviruses (Bishop, 1985). Several bunyaviruses are capable of heterologous virus genome segment reassortment, thus forming recombinant viruses; Bishop (1985) asserts that this is possible only between closely related members of the same serogroup. The site of maturation for bunyaviruses is mainly at smooth membranes, the virus accumulating in or near the Golgi vesicles. Several members of the family can be transmitted transovarially, venereally, and/or transstadially in arthropod vectors.

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Abbreviations

CFT:

complement fixation test

ELISA:

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

HAI:

hemagglutination inhibition

IF:

immunofluorescence

IFAT:

indirect immunofluorescence test

NT:

neutralization test

MAF:

mouse (hyperimmune) ascitic fluid

CPE:

cytopathic effect

i.c.:

intracerebral inoculation

i.p.:

intraperitoneal inoculation

s.c.:

subcutaneous inoculation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, England

    Stephen M. Eley, Lynn G. Bruce, Julian I. Delic, Robert M. Henstridge & Norman F. Moore

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  2. Lynn G. Bruce
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  3. Julian I. Delic
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, H3C 3J7, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Edouard Kurstak

  2. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    R. G. Marusyk

  3. Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    F. A. Murphy

  4. Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France

    M. H. V. Van Regenmortel

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Eley, S.M., Bruce, L.G., Delic, J.I., Henstridge, R.M., Moore, N.F. (1990). Nairoviruses. In: Kurstak, E., Marusyk, R.G., Murphy, F.A., Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. (eds) Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control. Applied Virology Research, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9271-3_19

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