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Alternating Copolymerization in the Presence of Lewis Acids

  • Chapter
Alternating Copolymers

Part of the book series: Speciality Polymers ((SPEPO))

Abstract

The existence of an “alternating tendency” in the copolymerization of many pairs of vinyl monomers has long been recognized. According to the treatment developed by Mayo, Walling, Melville, and their collaborators(1) in a monomer pair A, D radical ~A· reacts preferentially with monomer D and vice versa when the monomers are of comparable general reactivity; thus both reactivity ratios r A and r D are less than unity; the product r A r D is conventionally taken as an inverse measure of the alternating tendency. The alternating tendency may be so great that equimolar alternating copolymers are formed; in such instances the monomer pair usually comprises one strong electron acceptor and one strong electron donor. Examples of acceptors include maleic anhydride, fumaric esters, vinylidene cyanide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide, while the donors are usually relatively nonpolar monomers such as styrene, isobutene, vinyl acetate, and vinyl ethers.

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  1. Bioengineering and Medical Physics Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK

    Clement H. Bamford

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, Scotland

    J. M. G. Cowie

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Bamford, C.H. (1985). Alternating Copolymerization in the Presence of Lewis Acids. In: Cowie, J.M.G. (eds) Alternating Copolymers. Speciality Polymers. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9139-6_3

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